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The Evolution of General Intelligence
The Evolution of General Intelligence

... is commonly denoted as g (Figure 1a). Another general intelligence model is called mutualism (van der Maas et al., 2006). In this model, the positive manifold arises from the interaction of multiple cognitive processes in the brain (Figure 1b). The extended mutualism model (Figure 1c) posits that g ...
From Turner`s Logic of Universal Causation to the Logic of GK
From Turner`s Logic of Universal Causation to the Logic of GK

... To date, there have been embeddings from default logic [13] and autoepistemic logic [12] to the logic of GK [4], as well as from general logic programs [2, 3] to logic of GK [5]. Among others, these embeddings shed new lights on nonmonotonic reasoning, and have led to an interesting characterization ...
CHAMPION: Intelligent Hierarchical Reasoning Agents for Enhanced Decision Support
CHAMPION: Intelligent Hierarchical Reasoning Agents for Enhanced Decision Support

... activities….‖ [1] A single, integrated system was envisioned at that time that could be composed of both human and artificial cognitive systems working collaboratively to perform complex decision making tasks. In the quarter-century that has passed since this vision was described, many different typ ...
IMPROVING OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS
IMPROVING OF ARTIFICIAL NEURAL NETWORKS

... process is described in the figure 2. Each thread represents a layer. In the GPU, parallelism for a neuron of perceptron is focused on mathematical operations [38] ...
Hybrid Reasoning Model for Strengthening the problem solving
Hybrid Reasoning Model for Strengthening the problem solving

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... true output was ...
Computational Intelligence
Computational Intelligence

... AI is based on hard computing whereas CI is based on soft computing” (Zadeh 1994). We believe that soft computing is a large subset of computational intelligence. We heartily agree with him when he says, “Hybrid intelligent systems are definitely the wave of the future” (Zadeh 1994). Some of the mat ...
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... researchers discovered the complexities of maintaining consistent and accurate world models even in simplified environments [17]. Finally, although research development in AI was organized around modular functionalities, when attempts were made to combine these functionalities it was found that inte ...
Making Robots and Making Robots Intelligent
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... According to Merriam-Webster: 1 : A machine that looks like a human being and performs various complex acts (as walking or talking) of a human being; also : a similar but fictional machine whose lack of capacity for human emotions is often emphasized. 2 : A device that automatically performs complic ...
To Developed Tool, an Intelligent Agent for AutomaticKnowledge
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... was to make an easy-to-use and easy-to-extend tool for building practical expert systems. Since JavaDON is rooted in a sound theoretical framework, it is well-suited for building even complex expert system applications, both stand alone and Web-based ones. In [10], they present a dynamic, uncertaint ...
Swarm Intelligence
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Robots as moral agents, in Machine Medical Ethics , eds. Mattijs
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... Among its causes is the growth of human knowledge and technological possibilities, which brought along a number of new ethical problems, some of which had never been encountered before. Shall we switch to artificial means of reproduction? Is it acceptable to deliberately make human embryos for resea ...
Computational Creativity, Concept Invention, and General
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... XIII]). While in GT the resulting theory can be evaluated according to a set of criteria including fit to data, predictive and explanatory power, logical consistency, clarity and scope, due to the preliminary nature of our work, we do not carry out evaluation at this stage. ...
Swarm Intelligence
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... Particle swarm optimization imitates human or insects social behavior. Individuals interact with one another while learning from their own experience, and gradually move towards the goal. It is easily implemented and has proven both very effective and quick when applied to a diverse set of optimizat ...
The Third International Conference on Case
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... the conference. Two focused on business applications: “Integration of CBR in Business Processes” and “Practical CBR Strategies for Building and Maintaining Corporate Memories.” The other two workshops focused on theoretical issues: “Formalization of Adaptation in CBR’’ and “Hybrid CBR Systems.’’ “In ...
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The Biointelligence Explosion How recursively self

... "Cyborgisation" is a barbarous term to describe an invisible and potentially lifeenriching symbiosis of biological sentience with artificial intelligence. Thus "narrow-spectrum" digital superintelligence on web-enabled chips can be moreor-less seamlessly integrated into our genetically enhanced bodi ...
Physics Simulation Games
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... difference is that for Game AI, all physical parameters and the complete information of the game world are known to the AI. What is unknown is the behavior of the human player who could be an opponent or a partner, or who could be ignored, depending on the game. In this chapter, the AI knows only as ...
Cognitive Systems: Argument and Cognition
Cognitive Systems: Argument and Cognition

... abandon any logical form for human reasoning, treating it as the application of specialized procedures, invoked naturally depending on the situation in which people find themselves. Earlier work demonstrated empirically that humans perform with significant variation in successfully drawing conclusio ...
KBS - teachmath1729
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... (2) Game playing - early AI emphasis - Board games: chess, checkers, & 16-puzzle - No ambiguity in representation of the board configuration - Rules generate large search space: require heuristics Move 1-X 2-O 3-X 4-O 5-X ...
PPT
PPT

... system to describe entities: – “whose behaviour can be predicted by the method of attributing belief, desires and rational acumen” • When explaining human behaviour, it is useful to make statements such as: – John enrolled in the course because he believed that a degree would help him get a better j ...
the turing test
the turing test

... The Essential Turing, B Copeland 2004 The Turing Test. 2003 http://stanford.library.usyd.edu.au/archives/spr2008/entries/turing-test/ The Turing Test for Computer Bots , 2008 http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpls/abs_all.jsp?arnumber=5247069&tag=1 Turing Test and believable AI in computer games http://dl. ...
Symbol Grounding and its Implications for Artificial
Symbol Grounding and its Implications for Artificial

... symbols and their categories are grouped into taskspecific sets. Task-specific means that the symbols are formed in order to solve specific problems in particular domains. By having a specific task to perform, a bias is provided for the problem of searching for the best categorisation of sensory dat ...
Preface - Beck-Shop
Preface - Beck-Shop

... Intelligent agents are one of the most important developments in computer science of the past decade. Agents are of interest in many important application areas, ranging from human-computer interaction to industrial process control. The ATAL workshop series aims to bring together researchers interes ...
Options for Stage II
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... module, taken in place of the final-year project (e.g. CO600). • CO843 Extended IT Consultancy Project: Part of the M.Sc. in IT Consultancy. ...
position tracking system to find shortest path to object using
position tracking system to find shortest path to object using

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History of artificial intelligence

The history of artificial intelligence (AI) began in antiquity, with myths, stories and rumors of artificial beings endowed with intelligence or consciousness by master craftsmen; as Pamela McCorduck writes, AI began with ""an ancient wish to forge the gods.""The seeds of modern AI were planted by classical philosophers who attempted to describe the process of human thinking as the mechanical manipulation of symbols. This work culminated in the invention of the programmable digital computer in the 1940s, a machine based on the abstract essence of mathematical reasoning. This device and the ideas behind it inspired a handful of scientists to begin seriously discussing the possibility of building an electronic brain.The field of AI research was founded at a conference on the campus of Dartmouth College in the summer of 1956. Those who attended would become the leaders of AI research for decades. Many of them predicted that a machine as intelligent as a human being would exist in no more than a generation and they were given millions of dollars to make this vision come true. Eventually it became obvious that they had grossly underestimated the difficulty of the project. In 1973, in response to the criticism of James Lighthill and ongoing pressure from congress, the U.S. and British Governments stopped funding undirected research into artificial intelligence. Seven years later, a visionary initiative by the Japanese Government inspired governments and industry to provide AI with billions of dollars, but by the late 80s the investors became disillusioned and withdrew funding again. This cycle of boom and bust, of ""AI winters"" and summers, continues to haunt the field. Undaunted, there are those who make extraordinary predictions even now.Progress in AI has continued, despite the rise and fall of its reputation in the eyes of government bureaucrats and venture capitalists. Problems that had begun to seem impossible in 1970 have been solved and the solutions are now used in successful commercial products. However, no machine has been built with a human level of intelligence, contrary to the optimistic predictions of the first generation of AI researchers. ""We can only see a short distance ahead,"" admitted Alan Turing, in a famous 1950 paper that catalyzed the modern search for machines that think. ""But,"" he added, ""we can see much that must be done.""
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