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Notes here - Raymond Williams Foundation
Notes here - Raymond Williams Foundation

... 1. The person believes the statement to be true 2. The statement is in fact true 3. The person is justified in believing the statement to be true 3. Can we know anything? Descarte(1596 -1650) developed an argument …..suppose there is an evil genius, that is “supremely powerful and clever” and was be ...
The 6th International Conference on Computational Intelligence and
The 6th International Conference on Computational Intelligence and

... The 6th International Conference on Computational Intelligence and Software Engineering (CiSE 2014) will take place from July 11 to 13, 2014 in Beijing, China. The final submission date of CiSE is May 14, 2014, we would like to invite contributors like you to submit papers to our conference through ...
New technologies By all accounts, nanotechnology – the science of
New technologies By all accounts, nanotechnology – the science of

... doctors will be using expert systems to diagnose illnesses. Imagine you are about to take a holiday in Europe. You walk out to the garage and talk to your car. Recognizing your voice, the car’s door unlock. On the way to the airport, you stop an ATM. A camera mounted on the bank machine looks you in ...
prolog - Electronics and Computer Science
prolog - Electronics and Computer Science

... electronic engineers - to build more useful systems • Psychologists, neurophysiologists and philosophers - to understand (using computer models) the principles which make intelligence possible • NB AI is still very much a research area. ...
see abstract
see abstract

... topic investigated by several AI research communities, including knowledge engineering, natural-language processing and knowledge representation. Ontologies are becoming so popular is in large part due to what they promise: a shared and common understanding of some domain that can be communicated be ...
What is Artificial Intelligence? Psychometric AI as an Answer
What is Artificial Intelligence? Psychometric AI as an Answer

... the answer that appeals to the Turing Test (TT) and its relatives. To see this answer in action, let’s turn to AIMA [Russell & Norvig, 1994 ], which tells us that there are four general, different ways to define intelligence (pp. 4–8): we can say that an entity is intelligent if and only if it “thin ...
Cognitive science
Cognitive science

... information, and knowledge is to be able to make informed, cautious, wise and intelligent decisions.  The decision making process revolves around knowledge and wisdom.  It is through our efforts to understand the nature of knowledge and its evolution to wisdom that we can conceive of, build and im ...
The Phil of AI 2 - Digital Encyclopedia of Charles S. Peirce
The Phil of AI 2 - Digital Encyclopedia of Charles S. Peirce

... They interpreted them as sets of physical patterns they called "symbols", which can occur in components of other patterns they called "expressions" (or "symbol structures"). Relative to sets of alphanumerical (alphabetical and numerical) characters (ASCII or EBCDIC, for example), expressions are se ...
Horatiu Soim 2
Horatiu Soim 2

... organizing of "intelligent" behavior. During the time, there were two broad branches of AI research: – classical or symbolic AI approach. It was interested, generally, by the symbolic manipulation of abstract concepts, and its methodology was employed in the expert systems. - "connectionist" approac ...
PPT - Ubiquitous Computing Lab
PPT - Ubiquitous Computing Lab

... He constructed the type of stand- off commonly referred to as the "Buridan's ass" problem. It involved a balance between a strong third- law self- protection tendency, causing the robot to try to avoid a source of danger, and a weak second- law order to approach that danger. "The conflict between th ...
Computer Science - Central University of Rajasthan
Computer Science - Central University of Rajasthan

... will be a rigorous study program at postgraduate level covering both depth and breadth of all relevant areas, and providing substantial research training. The aim is to produce graduates who will be leaders in the field and full fill the need of both in AI industry, research and academic organizatio ...
2012 ARCHIVES -RA R IES
2012 ARCHIVES -RA R IES

... outside its area of expertise, it breaks down. This idea, that AI systems are constrained by what their programmers put into them, is at the heart of what researchers call "narrow AI." But there is an alternative: ...
Course Overview - COW :: Ceng On the Web
Course Overview - COW :: Ceng On the Web

... commercially available software tools or programming environments. In short, this is course is about the principles, design and implementation of intelligent agents. Upon successful completion of the course, you will have a broad understanding of artificial intelligence (AI) methods and their use in ...
John R. Searle, “Is the brain`s mind a computer program?”
John R. Searle, “Is the brain`s mind a computer program?”

... The first premise of the argument simply states the formal character of a computer program. Programs are defined in terms of symbol manipulations, and the symbols are purely formal, or “syntactic.” The formal character of the program, by the way, is what makes computers so powerful. The same program ...
WWAI. Towards a massively-parallel-wetware
WWAI. Towards a massively-parallel-wetware

... Traditional theories of reasoning are certain in several aspects, whereas actual human reasoning is often uncertain in these aspects. • The meaning of a term in mathematical logic is determined according to an interpretation, therefore it does not change as the system runs. On the contrary, the mean ...
Alan Turing and the development of Artificial Intelligence
Alan Turing and the development of Artificial Intelligence

... “roam the countryside” and learn from their experience. Turing’s Version 1 Programming approach to Artificial Intelligence was the dominating paradigm for Artificial Intelligence research up until the mid1980s. Research during this period can largely be divided into broad areas associated with 1) Re ...
MAKING A MIND vs. MODELING THE BRAIN
MAKING A MIND vs. MODELING THE BRAIN

... totally different in structure and mechanism, had, at the appropriate level of abstraction, a common functional description. At this level, both the human brain and the appropriately programmed digital computer could be seen as two different instantiations ...
Intelligence without representation
Intelligence without representation

... • Goal of this high-complex architecture is to wander around and take soda-cans to a bin • The complexity will always be lower than connectionist models ...
Takeshi ITO Laboratory(PDF:883 KB)
Takeshi ITO Laboratory(PDF:883 KB)

... jong, and many other game titles are very commonplace. The problem here is the strength of game AI. If a software title runs game AI that is too strong, it is likely to be very boring for human players, since they can never defeat the computer. For this reason, the Ito laboratory started researching ...
Evolutionary Robotics
Evolutionary Robotics

... (reproduce?) ...
Human Computation - Interactive Computing Lab
Human Computation - Interactive Computing Lab

... “The labor isn’t always free, but it costs a lot less than paying traditional employees. It’s not outsourcing: it’s crowdsourcing” ...
Human Computation and Crowdsroucing
Human Computation and Crowdsroucing

... • Computer scientists (in the artificial intelligence field) have been trying to emulate human like abilities, e.g., language, visual processing, reasoning • Alan Turing wrote in 1950: “The idea behind digital computers may be explained by saying that these machines are intended to carry out any ope ...
EXPERT SYSTEMS (contd.)
EXPERT SYSTEMS (contd.)

... (a) Deals with uncertainties by simulating the process of qualitative human reasoning. (b) Allows computers to behave less precisely / logically. 3. Rationale : Decision making is not always precise, there are grey areas where terms approximately, possible and similar are used. 4. Example : In devel ...
Stochastic Methods - CSUDH Computer Science
Stochastic Methods - CSUDH Computer Science

... Artificial Intelligence ...
Ron Paschke - World Bar Conference 2016
Ron Paschke - World Bar Conference 2016

... and that intensifying automation will free up labour for more interesting pursuits and leisure and will generally bring happy results.8 Then there are the techno-pessimists,9 who envision a jobless future in which only those who own the machines will live in abundance. The rest will cease to be viab ...
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Philosophy of artificial intelligence



The philosophy of artificial intelligence attempts to answer such questions as: Can a machine act intelligently? Can it solve any problem that a person would solve by thinking? Are human intelligence and machine intelligence the same? Is the human brain essentially a computer? Can a machine have a mind, mental states and consciousness in the same sense humans do? Can it feel how things are?These three questions reflect the divergent interests of AI researchers, cognitive scientists and philosophers respectively. The scientific answers to these questions depend on the definition of ""intelligence"" and ""consciousness"" and exactly which ""machines"" are under discussion.Important propositions in the philosophy of AI include:Turing's ""polite convention"": If a machine behaves as intelligently as a human being, then it is as intelligent as a human being. The Dartmouth proposal: ""Every aspect of learning or any other feature of intelligence can be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it."" Newell and Simon's physical symbol system hypothesis: ""A physical symbol system has the necessary and sufficient means of general intelligent action."" Searle's strong AI hypothesis: ""The appropriately programmed computer with the right inputs and outputs would thereby have a mind in exactly the same sense human beings have minds."" Hobbes' mechanism: ""Reason is nothing but reckoning.""↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
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