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Levels and loops: the future of artificial intelligence and neuroscience
Levels and loops: the future of artificial intelligence and neuroscience

... In discussing arti¢cial intelligence and neuroscience, I will focus on two themes. The ¢rst is the universality of cycles (or loops): sets of variables that a¡ect each other in such a way that any feed-forward account of causality and control, while informative, is misleading. The second theme is ba ...
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Usable Intelligent Interactive Systems
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There is a blind spot in AI research
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ILO Background
ILO Background

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... which human beings and other animals learn. His Animal Thought of 1983 offered a capacious review of the history of thinking, argument and experiment on the question of how animals think. Unusually, it began the story in the seventeenth century with the work of Descartes; a student in the humanities ...
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the sp system - cognition research

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The Turing Test
The Turing Test

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The Big Test - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute
The Big Test - Rensselaer Polytechnic Institute

... “If one were offered a machine purported to be intelligent, what would be an appropriate method of evaluating this claim? The most obvious approach might be to give the machine an IQ test … However, [good performance on tasks seen in IQ tests would not] be completely satisfactory because the machine ...
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Philosophy of artificial intelligence



The philosophy of artificial intelligence attempts to answer such questions as: Can a machine act intelligently? Can it solve any problem that a person would solve by thinking? Are human intelligence and machine intelligence the same? Is the human brain essentially a computer? Can a machine have a mind, mental states and consciousness in the same sense humans do? Can it feel how things are?These three questions reflect the divergent interests of AI researchers, cognitive scientists and philosophers respectively. The scientific answers to these questions depend on the definition of ""intelligence"" and ""consciousness"" and exactly which ""machines"" are under discussion.Important propositions in the philosophy of AI include:Turing's ""polite convention"": If a machine behaves as intelligently as a human being, then it is as intelligent as a human being. The Dartmouth proposal: ""Every aspect of learning or any other feature of intelligence can be so precisely described that a machine can be made to simulate it."" Newell and Simon's physical symbol system hypothesis: ""A physical symbol system has the necessary and sufficient means of general intelligent action."" Searle's strong AI hypothesis: ""The appropriately programmed computer with the right inputs and outputs would thereby have a mind in exactly the same sense human beings have minds."" Hobbes' mechanism: ""Reason is nothing but reckoning.""↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑ ↑
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