Classical and Non-Classical Representations in Physics
... possible states is called the state space. The evolution of the system can then be described by a timeparametrized trajectory in the state space, representing the states of the system at subsequent instants. In order to determine the trajectory, one needs two further structures: operators and dynami ...
... possible states is called the state space. The evolution of the system can then be described by a timeparametrized trajectory in the state space, representing the states of the system at subsequent instants. In order to determine the trajectory, one needs two further structures: operators and dynami ...
X-ray spectroscopies through damped linear response theory Thomas Fransson
... There are numerous people I would like to acknowledge for making the writing of this thesis possible, or just for making the ride to a Ph.D. much more enjoyable. Let me start by thanking the past and present members of the group of theoretical chemistry (formerly known as computational physics) for ...
... There are numerous people I would like to acknowledge for making the writing of this thesis possible, or just for making the ride to a Ph.D. much more enjoyable. Let me start by thanking the past and present members of the group of theoretical chemistry (formerly known as computational physics) for ...
Quantum critical temperature of a modulated oscillator Lingzhen Guo, Vittorio Peano, M. Marthaler,
... increases with n − m. Our method is fairly general and it shows how one can go beyond the conventional large-deviation theory when the perturbation is singular. For concreteness, we analyze the distribution about the small-amplitude SVS, i.e., about the local maximum of g(Q,P ) in Fig. 1, which is o ...
... increases with n − m. Our method is fairly general and it shows how one can go beyond the conventional large-deviation theory when the perturbation is singular. For concreteness, we analyze the distribution about the small-amplitude SVS, i.e., about the local maximum of g(Q,P ) in Fig. 1, which is o ...
Quantum Theory: a Pragmatist Approach
... where A is a dynamical variable (an “observable”) pertaining to a system s, ρ represents a quantum state of that system by a density operator on a Hilbert space Hs , Δ is a Borel set of real numbers (so AεΔ states that the value of A lies in Δ), and P A[Δ] is the value for Δ of the projection-valued ...
... where A is a dynamical variable (an “observable”) pertaining to a system s, ρ represents a quantum state of that system by a density operator on a Hilbert space Hs , Δ is a Borel set of real numbers (so AεΔ states that the value of A lies in Δ), and P A[Δ] is the value for Δ of the projection-valued ...
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... of large number of particle species only if we take into account energy of the box restricted the system, i.e. system with entropy larger then 2RE could be absorbed by black hole only inside the box, which energy is large enough to satisfy Bekenstein bound for whole system. This example demonstrate ...
... of large number of particle species only if we take into account energy of the box restricted the system, i.e. system with entropy larger then 2RE could be absorbed by black hole only inside the box, which energy is large enough to satisfy Bekenstein bound for whole system. This example demonstrate ...
Quantum Brownian motion in a periodic potential and the
... and Kivelson for the two-channel KP.13 We first bosonize the theory, and then do a rotation in spin space which transforms the J z interaction. Upon integrating out the degrees of freedom away from x50, we obtain a theory in terms of the boson fields at the impurity which closely resembles the latti ...
... and Kivelson for the two-channel KP.13 We first bosonize the theory, and then do a rotation in spin space which transforms the J z interaction. Upon integrating out the degrees of freedom away from x50, we obtain a theory in terms of the boson fields at the impurity which closely resembles the latti ...
Renormalization
In quantum field theory, the statistical mechanics of fields, and the theory of self-similar geometric structures, renormalization is any of a collection of techniques used to treat infinities arising in calculated quantities.Renormalization specifies relationships between parameters in the theory when the parameters describing large distance scales differ from the parameters describing small distances. Physically, the pileup of contributions from an infinity of scales involved in a problem may then result in infinities. When describing space and time as a continuum, certain statistical and quantum mechanical constructions are ill defined. To define them, this continuum limit, the removal of the ""construction scaffolding"" of lattices at various scales, has to be taken carefully, as detailed below.Renormalization was first developed in quantum electrodynamics (QED) to make sense of infinite integrals in perturbation theory. Initially viewed as a suspect provisional procedure even by some of its originators, renormalization eventually was embraced as an important and self-consistent actual mechanism of scale physics in several fields of physics and mathematics. Today, the point of view has shifted: on the basis of the breakthrough renormalization group insights of Kenneth Wilson, the focus is on variation of physical quantities across contiguous scales, while distant scales are related to each other through ""effective"" descriptions. All scales are linked in a broadly systematic way, and the actual physics pertinent to each is extracted with the suitable specific computational techniques appropriate for each.