The method of molecular rays O S
... esis of the quantum theory was the celebrated experiment of Franck and Hertz. These workers proved that the energy of one atom can be changed only by finite amounts. By bombarding mercury atoms with electrons they found that the electrons did lose energy only if their energy was higher than 4.7 eV. ...
... esis of the quantum theory was the celebrated experiment of Franck and Hertz. These workers proved that the energy of one atom can be changed only by finite amounts. By bombarding mercury atoms with electrons they found that the electrons did lose energy only if their energy was higher than 4.7 eV. ...
PPT
... voltage required to produce an electron wavelength suitable for studying this virus with a resolution of dmin = 2 nm. The “f-number” for an electron microscope is quite large: f/D 100. ...
... voltage required to produce an electron wavelength suitable for studying this virus with a resolution of dmin = 2 nm. The “f-number” for an electron microscope is quite large: f/D 100. ...
Here
... The numerical system suitable for the class of the physical theories called classical physics is the 1-dim Hurvitz algebra of real numbers (see E.C.G. Stueckelberg). The numerical system suitable for the non-relativistic Q.M. is the 2-dim Hurvitz algebra of complex numbers. In order to explain the e ...
... The numerical system suitable for the class of the physical theories called classical physics is the 1-dim Hurvitz algebra of real numbers (see E.C.G. Stueckelberg). The numerical system suitable for the non-relativistic Q.M. is the 2-dim Hurvitz algebra of complex numbers. In order to explain the e ...
Emergence, Reduction, and Theoretical Principles
... formation of a crystal lattice shows how the connection between theoretical principles and emergent phenomena plays out in physics. Crystallization is manifested only by a sufficiently large and complex system, exactly the sort of complex aggregates Anderson was referring to in his discussion of the ...
... formation of a crystal lattice shows how the connection between theoretical principles and emergent phenomena plays out in physics. Crystallization is manifested only by a sufficiently large and complex system, exactly the sort of complex aggregates Anderson was referring to in his discussion of the ...
PowerPoint
... of phases of Schmidt coefficients could not have affected S! QED. By phase envariance, { k , sk } must provide a complete local description of the system alone. ...
... of phases of Schmidt coefficients could not have affected S! QED. By phase envariance, { k , sk } must provide a complete local description of the system alone. ...
Chemistry
... Planck's postulate and its implications. The photoelectric effect. Einstein's quantum theory of the photoelectric effect. The Compton effect. The dual nature of electromagnetic radiation. X-Rays production. Pair production and pair annihilation. de Broglie's postulate. Davisson-Germer experiment. Br ...
... Planck's postulate and its implications. The photoelectric effect. Einstein's quantum theory of the photoelectric effect. The Compton effect. The dual nature of electromagnetic radiation. X-Rays production. Pair production and pair annihilation. de Broglie's postulate. Davisson-Germer experiment. Br ...
Quanta: a new view of the world
... temperature above absolute zero gives off radiant energy; if the object is moderately warm, we sense this as radiant heat. As the temperature is raised, a larger proportion of shorter-wavelength radiation is given off, so that at sufficiently high temperatures the object becomes luminous. The origin ...
... temperature above absolute zero gives off radiant energy; if the object is moderately warm, we sense this as radiant heat. As the temperature is raised, a larger proportion of shorter-wavelength radiation is given off, so that at sufficiently high temperatures the object becomes luminous. The origin ...
Student Colloquium at WSU (Fall 2006) (ppt-format)
... At large distances the effective coupling between quarks is large, resulting in confinement. Free quarks are not observed in nature. Asymptotic freedom At short distances the effective coupling between quarks decreases logarithmically. Under such conditions quarks and gluons appear to be qua ...
... At large distances the effective coupling between quarks is large, resulting in confinement. Free quarks are not observed in nature. Asymptotic freedom At short distances the effective coupling between quarks decreases logarithmically. Under such conditions quarks and gluons appear to be qua ...
LOSS OF COHERENCE IN GATE-CONTROLLED QUBIT SYSTEMS
... can be shown to have several useful features. Its behavior as a function of time has no dependence on the initial conditions, and is expected to be insensitive to the internal dynamical time scales of the system, thus only probing the decoherence-related time dependence. For a spin-boson model—a pro ...
... can be shown to have several useful features. Its behavior as a function of time has no dependence on the initial conditions, and is expected to be insensitive to the internal dynamical time scales of the system, thus only probing the decoherence-related time dependence. For a spin-boson model—a pro ...
Renormalization
In quantum field theory, the statistical mechanics of fields, and the theory of self-similar geometric structures, renormalization is any of a collection of techniques used to treat infinities arising in calculated quantities.Renormalization specifies relationships between parameters in the theory when the parameters describing large distance scales differ from the parameters describing small distances. Physically, the pileup of contributions from an infinity of scales involved in a problem may then result in infinities. When describing space and time as a continuum, certain statistical and quantum mechanical constructions are ill defined. To define them, this continuum limit, the removal of the ""construction scaffolding"" of lattices at various scales, has to be taken carefully, as detailed below.Renormalization was first developed in quantum electrodynamics (QED) to make sense of infinite integrals in perturbation theory. Initially viewed as a suspect provisional procedure even by some of its originators, renormalization eventually was embraced as an important and self-consistent actual mechanism of scale physics in several fields of physics and mathematics. Today, the point of view has shifted: on the basis of the breakthrough renormalization group insights of Kenneth Wilson, the focus is on variation of physical quantities across contiguous scales, while distant scales are related to each other through ""effective"" descriptions. All scales are linked in a broadly systematic way, and the actual physics pertinent to each is extracted with the suitable specific computational techniques appropriate for each.