PPT1
... Therefore a density operator = |ih| contains all the physical information If a system is not fully prepared (e.g. in a thermal state or in the presence of decoherence) classical uncertainty about the state of the system is present in addition to the quantum nature contained in |i. In these situ ...
... Therefore a density operator = |ih| contains all the physical information If a system is not fully prepared (e.g. in a thermal state or in the presence of decoherence) classical uncertainty about the state of the system is present in addition to the quantum nature contained in |i. In these situ ...
Multiphoton antiresonance M. I. Dykman and M. V. Fistul
... model of a nonlinear oscillator in a resonant field. Examples range from laser-induced dissociation of molecules1 to recently studied hysteresis in resonantly driven Josephson junctions2,3 and nanomechanical resonators.4 The generality of the oscillator as a model system and the current interest in ...
... model of a nonlinear oscillator in a resonant field. Examples range from laser-induced dissociation of molecules1 to recently studied hysteresis in resonantly driven Josephson junctions2,3 and nanomechanical resonators.4 The generality of the oscillator as a model system and the current interest in ...
Fine-Structure Constant - George P. Shpenkov
... The second one states only the fact that α is the combination of the specific universal physical constants, which characterize, respectively: the discrete nature of electric charges (e), quantum theory ( ), and relativity theory (c). The fine-structure constant α enters in the so-called “relativis ...
... The second one states only the fact that α is the combination of the specific universal physical constants, which characterize, respectively: the discrete nature of electric charges (e), quantum theory ( ), and relativity theory (c). The fine-structure constant α enters in the so-called “relativis ...
why do physicists think that there are extra dimensions
... only the graviton (the force particle of gravity) can move off the brane into extra dimensions this hides the extra dimensions quite efficiently, since gravity effects are hard to measure… ...
... only the graviton (the force particle of gravity) can move off the brane into extra dimensions this hides the extra dimensions quite efficiently, since gravity effects are hard to measure… ...
These notes
... renormalized coefficients. The theoretical tools corresponding to this physics have involved sophisticated diagramatic techniques such as Feynman diagrams, which are all based on the existence of a well controlled limit of zero interaction Green’s function. It was realized in the fifties, with the t ...
... renormalized coefficients. The theoretical tools corresponding to this physics have involved sophisticated diagramatic techniques such as Feynman diagrams, which are all based on the existence of a well controlled limit of zero interaction Green’s function. It was realized in the fifties, with the t ...
E + - IPAM
... translationally-invariant with a Hamiltonian which has a non-degenerate ground state? – If the system is described by a single Hamiltonian term applied to all pairs of particles (with bounded precision), how do we encode a circuit?... – Show high entanglement in the ground state. • Bounded entanglem ...
... translationally-invariant with a Hamiltonian which has a non-degenerate ground state? – If the system is described by a single Hamiltonian term applied to all pairs of particles (with bounded precision), how do we encode a circuit?... – Show high entanglement in the ground state. • Bounded entanglem ...
WHAT IS THE CAUSE OF INERTIA?
... charged particle should experience a force the direction opposite to its acceleration. It has been known since the 1970s that an accelerating observer will detect a thermal bath of evidently real photons (the Davies-Unruh effect). But the Poynting vector in a thermal bath, on average at least, vanis ...
... charged particle should experience a force the direction opposite to its acceleration. It has been known since the 1970s that an accelerating observer will detect a thermal bath of evidently real photons (the Davies-Unruh effect). But the Poynting vector in a thermal bath, on average at least, vanis ...
Universal computation by multi-particle quantum walk
... • Applies generically to multi-particle quantum walks with indistinguishable particles. • Establishes the computational power of interacting many-body systems such as the BoseHubbard model, fermions with nearest neighbour interactions, and more. Our method for performing universal computation exploi ...
... • Applies generically to multi-particle quantum walks with indistinguishable particles. • Establishes the computational power of interacting many-body systems such as the BoseHubbard model, fermions with nearest neighbour interactions, and more. Our method for performing universal computation exploi ...
Composite systems and their representation in quantum and
... theory yields a fruitful method to investigate what these physical theories say about the world. Prospects: one then finds, independent of any physical model, relationships and constraints that capture (some of) the essential physical assumptions and structural aspects of the theory in question, i.e ...
... theory yields a fruitful method to investigate what these physical theories say about the world. Prospects: one then finds, independent of any physical model, relationships and constraints that capture (some of) the essential physical assumptions and structural aspects of the theory in question, i.e ...
Introduction to Particle Physics for Teachers
... know exactly how small quarks and electrons are; they are definitely smaller than 10-18 meters, and they might literally be points, but we do not know. It is also possible that quarks and electrons are not fundamental after all, and will turn out to be made up of other, more fundamental particles. ...
... know exactly how small quarks and electrons are; they are definitely smaller than 10-18 meters, and they might literally be points, but we do not know. It is also possible that quarks and electrons are not fundamental after all, and will turn out to be made up of other, more fundamental particles. ...
Factorization Method and the Position
... as well as classical systems in curved spaces [7], just to mention few ones. The very concept of a PDM system is a fundamental problem which is far from being completely understood. Many contributions have been developed over the last years in different approaches [8–19]. In the quantum mechanical re ...
... as well as classical systems in curved spaces [7], just to mention few ones. The very concept of a PDM system is a fundamental problem which is far from being completely understood. Many contributions have been developed over the last years in different approaches [8–19]. In the quantum mechanical re ...
Aalborg Universitet Adaptive Review of Three Fundamental Questions in Physics
... framework of quantum field theory. Bosons are messenger particles between fermions and sometimes between themselves that form quantum field theory2. In quantum electrodynamics (QED), all interactions between charged particles is described with respect to exchange of photons. The photon has to be a v ...
... framework of quantum field theory. Bosons are messenger particles between fermions and sometimes between themselves that form quantum field theory2. In quantum electrodynamics (QED), all interactions between charged particles is described with respect to exchange of photons. The photon has to be a v ...
Renormalization
In quantum field theory, the statistical mechanics of fields, and the theory of self-similar geometric structures, renormalization is any of a collection of techniques used to treat infinities arising in calculated quantities.Renormalization specifies relationships between parameters in the theory when the parameters describing large distance scales differ from the parameters describing small distances. Physically, the pileup of contributions from an infinity of scales involved in a problem may then result in infinities. When describing space and time as a continuum, certain statistical and quantum mechanical constructions are ill defined. To define them, this continuum limit, the removal of the ""construction scaffolding"" of lattices at various scales, has to be taken carefully, as detailed below.Renormalization was first developed in quantum electrodynamics (QED) to make sense of infinite integrals in perturbation theory. Initially viewed as a suspect provisional procedure even by some of its originators, renormalization eventually was embraced as an important and self-consistent actual mechanism of scale physics in several fields of physics and mathematics. Today, the point of view has shifted: on the basis of the breakthrough renormalization group insights of Kenneth Wilson, the focus is on variation of physical quantities across contiguous scales, while distant scales are related to each other through ""effective"" descriptions. All scales are linked in a broadly systematic way, and the actual physics pertinent to each is extracted with the suitable specific computational techniques appropriate for each.