Buccal Drug Delivery Systems: Opportunities And Challenges In Buccal,
... Within the oral mucosal cavity, the buccal region offers an attractive route of administration for systemic drug delivery. The mucosa has a rich blood supply and it is relatively permeable. The buccal mucosa offers several advantages for controlled drug delivery for extended periods of time. The muc ...
... Within the oral mucosal cavity, the buccal region offers an attractive route of administration for systemic drug delivery. The mucosa has a rich blood supply and it is relatively permeable. The buccal mucosa offers several advantages for controlled drug delivery for extended periods of time. The muc ...
Using Dow Excipients for Controlled Release of
... among the most widely used means of providing controlled release in solid oral dosage forms. METHOCEL™ Hypromellose as the controlled-release agent in hydrophilic matrix systems offers a wide range of properties, consistently high quality, and broad regulatory approval. In addition, METHOCEL™ Produc ...
... among the most widely used means of providing controlled release in solid oral dosage forms. METHOCEL™ Hypromellose as the controlled-release agent in hydrophilic matrix systems offers a wide range of properties, consistently high quality, and broad regulatory approval. In addition, METHOCEL™ Produc ...
Product Monograph - AstraZeneca Canada
... Dosage should be individualized, and patient response should be monitored by the prescribing physician on an ongoing basis. BRICANYL TURBUHALER Adults and Children ≥ 6 Years The generally recommended dose of BRICANYL TURBUHALER (terbutaline sulfate) is one inhalation (0.5 mg) taken as required. This ...
... Dosage should be individualized, and patient response should be monitored by the prescribing physician on an ongoing basis. BRICANYL TURBUHALER Adults and Children ≥ 6 Years The generally recommended dose of BRICANYL TURBUHALER (terbutaline sulfate) is one inhalation (0.5 mg) taken as required. This ...
Assessment and management of chronic pain in the older adult
... analgesics. Severe pain is debilitating and requires peripherally acting (oral APAP, topical NSAIDs) and central nervous system (CNS)-active (narcotic/opioid analgesics) drugs. If the severe pain has a neuropathic origin (e.g., diabetic or postherpetic neuropathy), other usually neuroactive medicati ...
... analgesics. Severe pain is debilitating and requires peripherally acting (oral APAP, topical NSAIDs) and central nervous system (CNS)-active (narcotic/opioid analgesics) drugs. If the severe pain has a neuropathic origin (e.g., diabetic or postherpetic neuropathy), other usually neuroactive medicati ...
the topical pain relief
... It would appear that men may take more risks with drugs than women and they may have a higher prevalence of injuries in the work place which result in the prescription of potent analgesic drugs. In 2010, approximately 23,000 deaths from pain killing drugs were noted in men, compared with 15,300 in w ...
... It would appear that men may take more risks with drugs than women and they may have a higher prevalence of injuries in the work place which result in the prescription of potent analgesic drugs. In 2010, approximately 23,000 deaths from pain killing drugs were noted in men, compared with 15,300 in w ...
Neuronal survival in the brain: neuron type-specific
... Developmental cell death affects both embryonically produced immature neurons and those immature neurons that are generated in regions of adult neurogenesis. Removal of substantial numbers of neurons that are not yet completely integrated into the local circuits helps to ensure that maturation and h ...
... Developmental cell death affects both embryonically produced immature neurons and those immature neurons that are generated in regions of adult neurogenesis. Removal of substantial numbers of neurons that are not yet completely integrated into the local circuits helps to ensure that maturation and h ...
Topamax tablet - PIO Nas - Badan Pengawas Obat dan Makanan
... The precise mechanism by which topiramate exerts its antiseizure effect is unknown; however electrophysiological and biochemical studies of the effects of topiramate on cultured neurons have revealed three properties that may contribute to topiramate’s antiepileptic efficacy. First, action potential ...
... The precise mechanism by which topiramate exerts its antiseizure effect is unknown; however electrophysiological and biochemical studies of the effects of topiramate on cultured neurons have revealed three properties that may contribute to topiramate’s antiepileptic efficacy. First, action potential ...
Nocturnal Penile Tumescence
... was used to examine the effects of trazodone, nefazo- stages were computed by dividing the number of mindone, buspirone and placebo on sleep architecture and utes of a particular sleep stage by the sleep period time penile tumescence. Subjects spent a total of 12 nights (time from sleep onset to the ...
... was used to examine the effects of trazodone, nefazo- stages were computed by dividing the number of mindone, buspirone and placebo on sleep architecture and utes of a particular sleep stage by the sleep period time penile tumescence. Subjects spent a total of 12 nights (time from sleep onset to the ...
Suggestion from clinicians
... symptoms of nausea and vomiting compared with placebo. Neither trial reported any adverse events or medication adverse effects.” Outcomes with metoclopramide “Two included studies evaluated metoclopramide as a treatment for vomiting associated with gastroenteritis in 96 hospitalized children. One st ...
... symptoms of nausea and vomiting compared with placebo. Neither trial reported any adverse events or medication adverse effects.” Outcomes with metoclopramide “Two included studies evaluated metoclopramide as a treatment for vomiting associated with gastroenteritis in 96 hospitalized children. One st ...
Tetracycline group in children
... bioavailability[1]. Absorption is greater in the fasting state and the percentage of an oral dose absorbed on an empty stomach is low for chlortetracyclines (30%); intermediate for oxytetracycline, demeclocycline, tetracycline (60% to 80%); and high for doxycycline (95%) and minocycline (100%). High ...
... bioavailability[1]. Absorption is greater in the fasting state and the percentage of an oral dose absorbed on an empty stomach is low for chlortetracyclines (30%); intermediate for oxytetracycline, demeclocycline, tetracycline (60% to 80%); and high for doxycycline (95%) and minocycline (100%). High ...
Dextromethorphan abuse: Clinical effects
... Synopsis: Dextromethorphan (DM)—a relatively inexpensive and easily accessible over-the-counter (OTC) medication intended for use as an antitussant— has in recent years been increasingly used for illicit purposes, particularly by adolescents. Because DM is a common ingredient in many OTC cough and c ...
... Synopsis: Dextromethorphan (DM)—a relatively inexpensive and easily accessible over-the-counter (OTC) medication intended for use as an antitussant— has in recent years been increasingly used for illicit purposes, particularly by adolescents. Because DM is a common ingredient in many OTC cough and c ...
Effects of Self-Administered Cocaine on Plasma Adrenocorticotropic
... 1990; Capitanio et al., 1996). These kinds of manipulations may actually blunt the response to cocaine as a prior increase in baseline ACTH and glucocorticoids may reduce HPA reactivity to subsequent stimulation via negative feedback (Keller-Wood and Dallman, 1984; Dallman et al., 1994), as well as ...
... 1990; Capitanio et al., 1996). These kinds of manipulations may actually blunt the response to cocaine as a prior increase in baseline ACTH and glucocorticoids may reduce HPA reactivity to subsequent stimulation via negative feedback (Keller-Wood and Dallman, 1984; Dallman et al., 1994), as well as ...
Generics and public health - WHO archives
... average generic medicine prescription price was less than one third of average price of single-source innovator brand drug ...
... average generic medicine prescription price was less than one third of average price of single-source innovator brand drug ...
Herb-medicine interactions: St John`s wort
... There are earlier reports that St John’s wort had monoamine oxidase inhibitory (MAOI) activity and concerns that (in large doses) it may potentiate MAOI therapy. However, it is now generally accepted that monoamine oxidase inhibition plays little or no part in the antidepressant activity of St John' ...
... There are earlier reports that St John’s wort had monoamine oxidase inhibitory (MAOI) activity and concerns that (in large doses) it may potentiate MAOI therapy. However, it is now generally accepted that monoamine oxidase inhibition plays little or no part in the antidepressant activity of St John' ...
Hydroxyzine Dihydrochloride
... In isolated canine Purkinje fibres, hydroxyzine at 3µM increased action potential duration suggesting that there was an interaction with potassium channels involved with the repolarisation phase. At a higher concentration, 30µM, there was a marked decrease in the action potential duration suggesting ...
... In isolated canine Purkinje fibres, hydroxyzine at 3µM increased action potential duration suggesting that there was an interaction with potassium channels involved with the repolarisation phase. At a higher concentration, 30µM, there was a marked decrease in the action potential duration suggesting ...
Material and methods
... Solubility plays a vital role in the drug effectiveness and is applicable to dosage forms administered by different routes. It also possesses a major challenge for developing new pharmaceutical products, since nearly 60% of the drugs obtained directly from synthesis are either insoluble or poorly so ...
... Solubility plays a vital role in the drug effectiveness and is applicable to dosage forms administered by different routes. It also possesses a major challenge for developing new pharmaceutical products, since nearly 60% of the drugs obtained directly from synthesis are either insoluble or poorly so ...
Pereda 2014
... other through functional specializations called ‘synapses’. Their seminal contributions were followed by a bitter debate over the nature of synaptic transmission: was it mediated by chemical or electrical signals? This controversy was known as ‘The War of the Soup and the Sparks’ (REF. 170). Althoug ...
... other through functional specializations called ‘synapses’. Their seminal contributions were followed by a bitter debate over the nature of synaptic transmission: was it mediated by chemical or electrical signals? This controversy was known as ‘The War of the Soup and the Sparks’ (REF. 170). Althoug ...
DIURETICS
... II. Diuretics may differentially alter potassium excretion, although this effect is unwanted. Based on this unwanted effect, some diuretics are potassium losing drugs (incidentally these drugs also increase H+ excretion), whereas others are potassium sparing diuretics (these are also H+ sparing drug ...
... II. Diuretics may differentially alter potassium excretion, although this effect is unwanted. Based on this unwanted effect, some diuretics are potassium losing drugs (incidentally these drugs also increase H+ excretion), whereas others are potassium sparing diuretics (these are also H+ sparing drug ...
Sleep disordered breathing in patients receiving therapy with buprenorphine/ naloxone
... Patients using chronic opioids are at risk for exceptionally complex and potentially lethal disorders of breathing during sleep, including central and obstructive apnoeas, hypopnoeas, ataxic breathing and nonapnoeic hypoxaemia [1–5]. The mortality rates associated with the use of nonillicit opioids ...
... Patients using chronic opioids are at risk for exceptionally complex and potentially lethal disorders of breathing during sleep, including central and obstructive apnoeas, hypopnoeas, ataxic breathing and nonapnoeic hypoxaemia [1–5]. The mortality rates associated with the use of nonillicit opioids ...
Overcoming the Bell-Shaped Dose-Response of
... In this study we have used the well-accepted mouse model of zymosan-induced inflammation [14] to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of Cannabis clone 202 extract versus purified CBD. The extent of hind paw swelling was determined 2, 6 and 24 hrs following paw injection ...
... In this study we have used the well-accepted mouse model of zymosan-induced inflammation [14] to investigate the anti-inflammatory and anti-nociceptive activities of Cannabis clone 202 extract versus purified CBD. The extent of hind paw swelling was determined 2, 6 and 24 hrs following paw injection ...
Sinemet® CR Product Monograph
... carbidopa) and other dopaminergic agents have reported suddenly falling asleep while engaged in activities of daily living, including the driving of a car, which has sometimes resulted in accidents. Although some of the patients reported somnolence while on SINEMET® CR, others perceived that they ha ...
... carbidopa) and other dopaminergic agents have reported suddenly falling asleep while engaged in activities of daily living, including the driving of a car, which has sometimes resulted in accidents. Although some of the patients reported somnolence while on SINEMET® CR, others perceived that they ha ...
WHO Analgesic Ladder: Step 3 Methadone
... alcohol, benzodiazepines, or other opioids, may increase the likelihood of adverse effects such as sedation and respiratory depression.4 Methadone can cause QT prolongation which may lead to the development of potentially fatal arrhythmias. This is particularly associated with higher doses (e.g. >15 ...
... alcohol, benzodiazepines, or other opioids, may increase the likelihood of adverse effects such as sedation and respiratory depression.4 Methadone can cause QT prolongation which may lead to the development of potentially fatal arrhythmias. This is particularly associated with higher doses (e.g. >15 ...
STADOL NS®
... Butorphanol and its major metabolites are agonists at k-opioid receptors and mixed agonistantagonists at m-opioid receptors. Its interactions with these receptors in the central nervous system apparently mediate most of its pharmacologic effects, including analgesia. In addition to analgesia, CNS ef ...
... Butorphanol and its major metabolites are agonists at k-opioid receptors and mixed agonistantagonists at m-opioid receptors. Its interactions with these receptors in the central nervous system apparently mediate most of its pharmacologic effects, including analgesia. In addition to analgesia, CNS ef ...
Emerging Treatment for Hypersomnolence
... • Clinical anecdote of a patient with GABArelated hypersomnia who developed severe insomnia when given the drug for bronchitis • Known CNS side effects (insomnia, mania) • Acts as a GABA antagonist in vitro – (Garcia and Jenkins 2009) ...
... • Clinical anecdote of a patient with GABArelated hypersomnia who developed severe insomnia when given the drug for bronchitis • Known CNS side effects (insomnia, mania) • Acts as a GABA antagonist in vitro – (Garcia and Jenkins 2009) ...
Psychopharmacology
Psychopharmacology (from Greek ψῡχή, psȳkhē, ""breath, life, soul""; φάρμακον, pharmakon, ""drug""; and -λογία, -logia) is the scientific study of the effects drugs have on mood, sensation, thinking, and behavior. It is distinguished from neuropsychopharmacology, which emphasizes the correlation between drug-induced changes in the functioning of cells in the nervous system and changes in consciousness and behavior.The field of psychopharmacology studies a wide range of substances with various types of psychoactive properties, focusing primarily on the chemical interactions with the brain.Psychoactive drugs interact with particular target sites or receptors found in the nervous system to induce widespread changes in physiological or psychological functions. The specific interaction between drugs and their receptors is referred to as ""drug action"", and the widespread changes in physiological or psychological function is referred to as ""drug effect"". These drugs may originate from natural sources such as plants and animals, or from artificial sources such as chemical synthesis in the laboratory.