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The Discovery of the Endocannabinoid System
The Discovery of the Endocannabinoid System

... C) For example, when cannabinoids inhibit release from excitatory neurons (indicated by the + sign), the net result is a decreased activity of the target cell and its protection from excitotoxicity: a word that describes the deadly over-excitation of neurons in many pathological conditions such as s ...
IMMUNOTHERAPY:
IMMUNOTHERAPY:

... – Neurotransmitter activity necessary for normal brain functioning will not be effected. – Vaccine will not interact with other medication treatments which patients might be simultaneously taking. ...
Sedative–hypnotic and Anxiolytic Drugs
Sedative–hypnotic and Anxiolytic Drugs

... humans, relax voluntary muscles in doses that do not cause considerable central nervous system depression. Nevertheless, benzodiazepines, such as diazepam, are often prescribed for patients who have muscle spasms and pain as a result of injury. In these circumstances, the sedative and anxiolytic pro ...
Introduction to Psychology
Introduction to Psychology

... the brain stem, causing some of its depressing effects. Alcohol binds to a different site on the GABAAreceptor than the barbiturates and benzodiazepines.  This effect upon GABA also indirectly causes and increase in the release of dopamine within the limbic system, which is the mechanism for its re ...
Slides - American Chemical Society
Slides - American Chemical Society

... Alcohol, Barbiturates & Benzodiazepines are GABA receptor allosteric agonists Bind to nearby sites and facilitate GABA, “flooding” neurons with Cl-, inhibiting neural actions ...
Acute dystonia with concomitant use of amitriptyline and paroxetine
Acute dystonia with concomitant use of amitriptyline and paroxetine

... abnormal positioning of limbs or trunk.[3] Extrapyramidal ...
Chapter 8
Chapter 8

... 1. Like cocaine, amphetamine use does not produce classic withdrawal symptoms - but those who are dependent experience a type of withdrawal 2. With several days of moderate to heavy use, individuals “crash” - this is marked by symptoms opposite the effects of amphetamines, such as lethargy / exhaust ...
Drugs prescription during pregnancy
Drugs prescription during pregnancy

... women, or animal-reproduction studies have shown an adverse effect that was not confirmed in controlled studies in women in the first and late trimester. ...
What is a drug?
What is a drug?

... – THC binds to endogenous cannabinoid receptors (CB receptors.) CB1 receptor is the most common G-protein linked receptor in the brain. CB2 receptor is found in the brain stem and in cells in the immune system. – Cannabinoid receptors are found on pre-synaptic neurons! endocannabinoids are released ...
Drug Excretion
Drug Excretion

... Quantitatively unimportant and mainly dependent on simple diffusion of unionized drug. A. Excretion in breast milk: almost any drug present in the mother's blood may be detected in her milk, but since milk is more acidic than plasma (6.6), basic drugs may be trapped in breast milk. ...
Company Core Data Sheets (CCDS)
Company Core Data Sheets (CCDS)

... Hyperprolactinaemia may be physiological (pregnancy, lactation) as well as be due to other causes among others tumours in hypothalamus or pituitary gland and a number of drugs. Therefore it is important that the specific cause to a hyperprolactinaemia is explained as far as possible and that causal ...
Brain--Food
Brain--Food

The use of a placebo is essential in headache clinical
The use of a placebo is essential in headache clinical

NewsletterVol 3 (#4) - About Outcome Resources
NewsletterVol 3 (#4) - About Outcome Resources

... Many drug and non-drug treatments have been used, but there is little evidence of any one superior approach to management; virtually all current data are anecdotal. When choosing a drug treatment strategy, consider the patient’s drug allergy history, potential drug-disease state contraindications, c ...
2005 pakistan exam (2
2005 pakistan exam (2

... 3. Which of the following analgesic drugs can be used for artificial hibernation? A.morphine B.methadone C.pethidine D.fetanyl E.anadol 4. Which of the following statements about phenytoin sodium is WRONG? A. has a sedative effect B. can be used for patients with epilepsy C. can be used to treat pat ...
Skeletal muscle relaxants
Skeletal muscle relaxants

... • It appear to involve not the stretch reflex arc itself but higher centers (“ upper motor neuron lesion”) ...
treatment of advanced parkinson`s disease and
treatment of advanced parkinson`s disease and

... dopaminergic agonists (pramipexole, pergolide); selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) – citalopram, sertraline, paroxetine; serotonin-noradrenalin reuptake inhibitors (SNRIs) – venlafaxine, duloxetine; tricyclic antidepressants (TCAs) nortriptyline, desimipramine; electroconvulsivant thera ...
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β 3 - Faculty

...  Oral delivery, if possible (Must be acid-stable!) ...
Antiarrhythmic Drugs
Antiarrhythmic Drugs

... • Act on open or inactivated channels ( Use -dependence or State – dependence) • Have better effect in tissues that are depolarized ...
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... and treatment of motion sickness, other vomiting disorders associated with labyrinthine dysfunction as well as nausea and vomiting associated with pregnancy.  Diphenhydramine is frequently used in the treatment of cough as combination preparation with other agents. ...
Week 6 lecture slides
Week 6 lecture slides

... Although bemegride is the specific antidote to barbiturate overdose, it is not commonly used anymore because of side effects. Today, barbiturate overdose is treated by mechanically ventilating the patient until the barbiturates have worn off. Bemegride can also be used to stimulate breathing in the ...
LSD LSD comes in liquid form and is applied to paper or pills and
LSD LSD comes in liquid form and is applied to paper or pills and

... If your teenager is abusing depressants, he or she may appear to be in a state of intoxication much like that of alcohol, with impaired judment, inebriation, slurred speech, and loss of motor coordination. Other symptoms include a weak and rapid pulse, slow or rapid but shallow breathing, and cold a ...
biochem mcq - Pass the FracP
biochem mcq - Pass the FracP

... Cellular antioxidants protect against tile endothelial dysfunction associated with atherosclerosis by preserving endothelium-derived nitric oxide activity. Cellular antioxidants inhibit platelet activation and smooth-muscle proliferation ...
Rohypnol - Addictions Foundation Manitoba
Rohypnol - Addictions Foundation Manitoba

... • Historically, Rohypnol was introduced as a tranquilizer because it can calm without causing sleep. In some parts of the world, it is prescribed as a sleeping pill. • Rohypnol is 10 times stronger than Valium, a related, legally prescribed depressant. ...
drugs affecting breast milk and lactation
drugs affecting breast milk and lactation

... Relation of drugs and lactation Factors modifying passage of drugs in milk Effects of drugs on milk production Role of lactation on drugs excretion Drug safety during lactation / use of safe drugs Drugs contraindicated during lactation ...
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Psychopharmacology



Psychopharmacology (from Greek ψῡχή, psȳkhē, ""breath, life, soul""; φάρμακον, pharmakon, ""drug""; and -λογία, -logia) is the scientific study of the effects drugs have on mood, sensation, thinking, and behavior. It is distinguished from neuropsychopharmacology, which emphasizes the correlation between drug-induced changes in the functioning of cells in the nervous system and changes in consciousness and behavior.The field of psychopharmacology studies a wide range of substances with various types of psychoactive properties, focusing primarily on the chemical interactions with the brain.Psychoactive drugs interact with particular target sites or receptors found in the nervous system to induce widespread changes in physiological or psychological functions. The specific interaction between drugs and their receptors is referred to as ""drug action"", and the widespread changes in physiological or psychological function is referred to as ""drug effect"". These drugs may originate from natural sources such as plants and animals, or from artificial sources such as chemical synthesis in the laboratory.
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