studies - International Journal of Communication
... coverage on explicit attitudes and, especially, implicit attitudes. The consideration of news stereotype effects on implicit attitudes, including their interplay with explicit attitudes, is important for at least three reasons. First, implicit attitudes are often better at predicting spontaneous beh ...
... coverage on explicit attitudes and, especially, implicit attitudes. The consideration of news stereotype effects on implicit attitudes, including their interplay with explicit attitudes, is important for at least three reasons. First, implicit attitudes are often better at predicting spontaneous beh ...
Personality and Persuasion
... in which the effects of self-esteem and intelligence on the persuasion processes of message reception and yielding were explored. Previous personality approaches generally had not focused on the processes of influence, but rather on the general outcome of more or less influenceability. In contrast, ...
... in which the effects of self-esteem and intelligence on the persuasion processes of message reception and yielding were explored. Previous personality approaches generally had not focused on the processes of influence, but rather on the general outcome of more or less influenceability. In contrast, ...
Five Challenges for the Future of Media
... meta-analyses that synthesize the media-effects literature (e.g., see the chapters in Preiss et al., 2007) have yielded effect sizes that fall within the range of what Cohen (1988) classifies as small to moderate. Despite these rather consistent meta-analytic results, researchers in our field often ...
... meta-analyses that synthesize the media-effects literature (e.g., see the chapters in Preiss et al., 2007) have yielded effect sizes that fall within the range of what Cohen (1988) classifies as small to moderate. Despite these rather consistent meta-analytic results, researchers in our field often ...
Public relations ethics in information management
... networks, such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Google+ and Skype, we communicate without any spatial boundaries. We can simultaneously include numerous persons in our online conversations. As a modern concept, “Information and Communication Technology (ICT)” has in many ways replaced the term “IT” ( ...
... networks, such as Facebook, Twitter, LinkedIn, Google+ and Skype, we communicate without any spatial boundaries. We can simultaneously include numerous persons in our online conversations. As a modern concept, “Information and Communication Technology (ICT)” has in many ways replaced the term “IT” ( ...
Attitudes - Mrs. Harvey`s Social Psychology Class
... Why does Cognitive Dissonance Theory happen? • Effort Justification: – People seek to justify and rationalize any suffering or effort they have made – Stronger attachment once this justification is made – For example: fraternity or sorority hazing ...
... Why does Cognitive Dissonance Theory happen? • Effort Justification: – People seek to justify and rationalize any suffering or effort they have made – Stronger attachment once this justification is made – For example: fraternity or sorority hazing ...
Social Psychology Chapter 13
... • The study showed a person may quickly adopt attitudes consistent with one’s roles ...
... • The study showed a person may quickly adopt attitudes consistent with one’s roles ...
Discussion 1: Theory - UCI Social Sciences
... 4) the maximum possible dissonance is equal to the resistance to change of the less "resistant cognition"; therefore, once dissonance reaches a certain level, one of the dissonant cognition will be changed or eliminated, and dissonance will be reduced. ...
... 4) the maximum possible dissonance is equal to the resistance to change of the less "resistant cognition"; therefore, once dissonance reaches a certain level, one of the dissonant cognition will be changed or eliminated, and dissonance will be reduced. ...
Activism and Social Persuasion
... Suggestions can bypass critical thought because there is no direct request to conflict with ...
... Suggestions can bypass critical thought because there is no direct request to conflict with ...
Selective exposure theory
Selective exposure is a theory within the practice of psychology, often used in media and communication research, that historically refers to individuals’ tendency to favor information which reinforces their pre-existing views while avoiding contradictory information. Selective exposure to information refers to the phenomenon in which individuals tend to prefer information that supports a certain view or decision and in which they tend to neglect conflicting information. Selective exposure has also been known and defined as ""Congeniality Bias"" or ""Confirmation Bias"" in various texts throughout the years.According to the historical use of the term, people tend to select specific aspects of exposed information which they incorporate into their mindset. These selections are made based on their perspectives, beliefs, attitudes and decisions. People can mentally dissect the information they are exposed to and select favorable evidence, while ignoring the unfavorable. The foundation of this theory is rooted in the cognitive dissonance theory, which asserts that when individuals are confronted with contrasting ideas, certain mental defense mechanisms are activated to produce harmony between new ideas and pre-existing beliefs, which results in cognitive equilibrium. Cognitive equilibrium, which is defined as a state of balance between a person’s mental representation of the world and his or her environment, is crucial to understanding selective exposure theory. According to Jean Piaget, when a mismatch occurs, people find it to be “inherently dissatisfying.”Selective exposure relies on the assumption that one will continue to seek out information on an issue even after an individual has taken a stance on it. The position that a person has taken will be colored by various factors of that issue that are reinforced during the decision-making process.Selective exposure has been displayed in various contexts such as self-serving situations and situations in which people hold prejudices regarding outgroups, particular opinions, and personal and group-related issues. Perceived usefulness of information, perceived norm of fairness, and curiosity of valuable information are three factors that can counteract selective exposure.