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Artificial intelligence analysis using Neural Network

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... and accounts for potential heteroscedasticity in the disturbances. The suggested semiparametric approach consists of two steps of estimation. In the rst step, a semiparametric estimator proposed by Klein & Spady (1993) is adopted as a counterpart of the probit estimator used in conventional Hackman- ...
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Expectation–maximization algorithm



In statistics, an expectation–maximization (EM) algorithm is an iterative method for finding maximum likelihood or maximum a posteriori (MAP) estimates of parameters in statistical models, where the model depends on unobserved latent variables. The EM iteration alternates between performing an expectation (E) step, which creates a function for the expectation of the log-likelihood evaluated using the current estimate for the parameters, and a maximization (M) step, which computes parameters maximizing the expected log-likelihood found on the E step. These parameter-estimates are then used to determine the distribution of the latent variables in the next E step.
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