Attosecond real time observation of ionization and electron
... For many intra-atomic processes, femtosecond temporal resolution is not yet satisfactory. Attosecond science holds the promise to push the available temporal resolution by at least an order of magnitude and allows extending conventional ultrafast spectroscopy and strong-field coherent control from t ...
... For many intra-atomic processes, femtosecond temporal resolution is not yet satisfactory. Attosecond science holds the promise to push the available temporal resolution by at least an order of magnitude and allows extending conventional ultrafast spectroscopy and strong-field coherent control from t ...
Novel Heterostructure Metal-Semiconductor-Metal
... Wavelength dependence of η for RCE detectors having various top mirror reflectivities for fixed L1=550Å, L2=1175 Å, R2=0.9, and αL2=0.1. .....................................................................................................45 ...
... Wavelength dependence of η for RCE detectors having various top mirror reflectivities for fixed L1=550Å, L2=1175 Å, R2=0.9, and αL2=0.1. .....................................................................................................45 ...
Physics Research A
... of photoelectrons (sum over photoelectrons detected by seven photomultipliers) at pion momenta of 960 MeV=c for the detector geometry described in Section 2 is shown in Fig. 3. For comparison, the results for two sets of the aerogel absorption length Labs ðlÞ and scattering length Lsc ðlÞ as present ...
... of photoelectrons (sum over photoelectrons detected by seven photomultipliers) at pion momenta of 960 MeV=c for the detector geometry described in Section 2 is shown in Fig. 3. For comparison, the results for two sets of the aerogel absorption length Labs ðlÞ and scattering length Lsc ðlÞ as present ...
Photonic Crystals - Materials Computation Center
... complex dielectric environment that controls the flow of radiation designer vacuum for the emission and absorption of radiation Passive devices dielectric mirrors for antennas micro-resonators and waveguides Active devices low-threshold nonlinear devices microlasers and amplifiers ...
... complex dielectric environment that controls the flow of radiation designer vacuum for the emission and absorption of radiation Passive devices dielectric mirrors for antennas micro-resonators and waveguides Active devices low-threshold nonlinear devices microlasers and amplifiers ...
Photomultiplier
Photomultiplier tubes (photomultipliers or PMTs for short), members of the class of vacuum tubes, and more specifically vacuum phototubes, are extremely sensitive detectors of light in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum. These detectors multiply the current produced by incident light by as much as 100 million times (i.e., 160 dB), in multiple dynode stages, enabling (for example) individual photons to be detected when the incident flux of light is very low. Unlike most vacuum tubes, they are not obsolete.The combination of high gain, low noise, high frequency response or, equivalently, ultra-fast response, and large area of collection has maintained photomultipliers an essential place in nuclear and particle physics, astronomy, medical diagnostics including blood tests, medical imaging, motion picture film scanning (telecine), radar jamming, and high-end image scanners known as drum scanners. Elements of photomultiplier technology, when integrated differently, are the basis of night vision devices.Semiconductor devices, particularly avalanche photodiodes, are alternatives to photomultipliers; however, photomultipliers are uniquely well-suited for applications requiring low-noise, high-sensitivity detection of light that is imperfectly collimated.