Creating laser light
... In any atom, however, some transitions are likelier than others, and there are wellestablished selection rules in quantum mechanics that predict the probability of a given transition in various circumstances. This is important to know, because the likelihood of a transition ultimately determines the ...
... In any atom, however, some transitions are likelier than others, and there are wellestablished selection rules in quantum mechanics that predict the probability of a given transition in various circumstances. This is important to know, because the likelihood of a transition ultimately determines the ...
computations
... On the basis of measured results and computations it can be proclaimed, that at the gap voltage of more than 3600 V, for given experimental conditions, the form of current pulse is determined by streamer ionization mechanism. In the Tab.1 it can be seen, that the number of electrons developed of a s ...
... On the basis of measured results and computations it can be proclaimed, that at the gap voltage of more than 3600 V, for given experimental conditions, the form of current pulse is determined by streamer ionization mechanism. In the Tab.1 it can be seen, that the number of electrons developed of a s ...
miniature x-ray tubes utilizing carbon-nanotube
... (GV) is applied for extracting the electrons—the cathode current from the emitter. Those electrons either make it through the gate to the tube anode or are collected by the cathode gate, contributing to the anode current (AC) and the gate current (GC), respectively (Figure 5). ...
... (GV) is applied for extracting the electrons—the cathode current from the emitter. Those electrons either make it through the gate to the tube anode or are collected by the cathode gate, contributing to the anode current (AC) and the gate current (GC), respectively (Figure 5). ...
Ventilated Distribution Transformers - Sola/Hevi-Duty
... effects of harmonic currents created by loads like those shown in Chart A. The K-Factor rating is an index of the transformer’s ability to withstand harmonic content while operating within the temperature limits of its insulating system. SolaHD K-Factor transformers have UL ratings of K-4, K-13, and ...
... effects of harmonic currents created by loads like those shown in Chart A. The K-Factor rating is an index of the transformer’s ability to withstand harmonic content while operating within the temperature limits of its insulating system. SolaHD K-Factor transformers have UL ratings of K-4, K-13, and ...
Photomultiplier
Photomultiplier tubes (photomultipliers or PMTs for short), members of the class of vacuum tubes, and more specifically vacuum phototubes, are extremely sensitive detectors of light in the ultraviolet, visible, and near-infrared ranges of the electromagnetic spectrum. These detectors multiply the current produced by incident light by as much as 100 million times (i.e., 160 dB), in multiple dynode stages, enabling (for example) individual photons to be detected when the incident flux of light is very low. Unlike most vacuum tubes, they are not obsolete.The combination of high gain, low noise, high frequency response or, equivalently, ultra-fast response, and large area of collection has maintained photomultipliers an essential place in nuclear and particle physics, astronomy, medical diagnostics including blood tests, medical imaging, motion picture film scanning (telecine), radar jamming, and high-end image scanners known as drum scanners. Elements of photomultiplier technology, when integrated differently, are the basis of night vision devices.Semiconductor devices, particularly avalanche photodiodes, are alternatives to photomultipliers; however, photomultipliers are uniquely well-suited for applications requiring low-noise, high-sensitivity detection of light that is imperfectly collimated.