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Common Base, Common Emitter, and Common Collector
Common Base, Common Emitter, and Common Collector

Static Electricity
Static Electricity

... mechanical agitation can build up static electricity.  Dust clouds of finely powdered substances can become combustible or explosive. The ability of a fluid to retain an electrostatic charge depends on its electrical conductivity. When low conductivity fluids flow through pipelines or are mechanic ...
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... Parallel: Pen can go in more than one direction ...
CIRCUIT FUNCTION AND BENEFITS
CIRCUIT FUNCTION AND BENEFITS

... Performance at the range extremes, 0 mA to 4 mA, and 20 mA to 24 mA, is not critical; therefore, the op amp does not require good performance at the supply rails. Absolute values of R1 and R2 are not critical. However, note that matching of R1 and R2 is important. Also note the possibility of measur ...
ICL7660, ICL7660A
ICL7660, ICL7660A

... 2. Connecting any input terminal to voltages greater than V+ or less than GND may cause destructive latchup. It is recommended that no inputs from sources operating from external supplies be applied prior to “power up” of the ICL7660, ICL7660A. 3. Derate linearly above 50°C by 5.5mW/°C. 4. In the te ...
NATIONAL WEATHER SERVICE MANUAL 30-4106 JULY 16, 2014 Maintenance, Logistics, and Facilities
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... Changes made: Certifier and Approving Official. There are no content changes to this policy. ...
CONTROL
CONTROL

... Sometimes it is necessary to increase the current in a circuit. This is especially important if a sensor is being used as an input. For example, a temperature sensor may to used to detect fire and then to turn on a water sprinkler system to put the fire out. Look at the example below. When the rise ...
Chapter 31
Chapter 31

... current: I = ωdQ. You should also know that the total energy of the circuit can be written in terms of either of these: U = Q2/2C = LI2/2. Some problems ask you to compute the maximum charge on the capacitor, given the maximum potential difference across the plates: Q = CVmax. Some problems deal wit ...
Article in English (Word doc)
Article in English (Word doc)

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... does not meet the conditions and absolute maximum ratings to be used specified in the relevant specification sheet nor meet the following conditions: (i) The devices in this publication are designed for use in general electronic equipment designs such as: --- Personal computers --- Office automation ...
APC H10 Power Conditioner
APC H10 Power Conditioner

... Read this manual - Read all of the safety and operating instructions before installing and operating this device. Keep this manual - Retain this manual, and all of the safety information that came with this device. Warnings - Comply with all warnings presented in this manual, as well as any found on ...
48V Fan Controller Installation and Userʼs Manual Model: CV 48-1 Fan
48V Fan Controller Installation and Userʼs Manual Model: CV 48-1 Fan

... 1.2 Before using the controller, read all instructions and cautionary markings. 1.3 Electrical hazards are probably the most common hazards throughout the industry. Virtually all workplaces have electrical installations and use electricity. 1.4 It is very important that all industry employees be fam ...
DCM&T - Universal College of Engineering & Technology
DCM&T - Universal College of Engineering & Technology

... Three-phase transformers Fig.10a Core of a 110 MVA, 222.5 kV/34.5 kV, 60 Hz, 3-phase transformer. By staggering laminations of different widths, the core legs can be made almost circular. This reduces the coil diameter to a minimum, resulting in less copper and lower I2R losses. The legs are tightl ...
primary side - Portal UniMAP
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The Power Flow Equations
The Power Flow Equations

flame current measurement
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... This principle can be used for flame sensing, by making the two electrodes unequal. If one electrode is at least 4 times larger than the other, the current in both halves of the sine will not be equal. This is caused by the difference in mobility due to size and weigth of the positive and negative p ...
Available Information on Voltage Sags and Interruptions
Available Information on Voltage Sags and Interruptions

... or third attempt, the breaker may go into a slow trip mode in which it takes perhaps 30 cycles to open. If the fault still persists, the breaker may remain open. It is also possible that a high fault current during the slow trip mode will cause the fusible link to open. In either case, the customer ...
Owner`s Manual
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... The grounding wire (bare, green or green with yellow stripe and normally non-current carrying) should not be confused with the negative ground wire (black or yellow and normally current carrying). In Boatowner’s Illustrated Handbook of Wiring, Charlie Wing identifies three purposes of DC grounding: ...
Associated Non
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... that store lethal amounts of electrical energy. In general, systems that permit access to components at such lethal levels must be interlocked; however, during maintenance and alignment procedures, such components often become exposed or accessible. This has caused numerous serious and some fatal sh ...
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LAB - 2 - ECE233
LAB - 2 - ECE233

...  Compare your finding with Ohm’s law. 2. In a series circuit with only resistive elements, the total equivalent resistance is equal to the summation of all the resistances of each resistive element. The circuit in Figure 3 is designed to show this relation. Construct the circuit in Figure 3 (don’t ...
Part 4 –PCB LAYOUT RULES FOR SIGNAL INTEGRITY
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... Voltage across module 1 is ‘modulated’ by the changes in other modules. This effect is also known as Ground ...
BB4102386391
BB4102386391

... The application of power electronics devices such as arc furnaces, adjustable speed drives, computer power supplies etc. are some typical non-linear characteristic loads used in most of the industrial applications are increasing rapidly due to improved technical devices , digital controller and flex ...
the flea - Acoustica.org.uk
the flea - Acoustica.org.uk

... the high frequency components on the rails to ground and provide a local reservoir of energy storage to deal with peaks in demand. If we do this properly, and ensure the loop areas formed by these decoupling components are as small as is practically possible, the radiation drops dramatically. We're ...
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Ground (electricity)



In electrical engineering, ground or earth is the reference point in an electrical circuit from which voltages are measured, a common return path for electric current, or a direct physical connection to the Earth.Electrical circuits may be connected to ground (earth) for several reasons. In mains powered equipment, exposed metal parts are connected to ground to prevent user contact with dangerous voltage if electrical insulation fails. Connections to ground limit the build-up of static electricity when handling flammable products or electrostatic-sensitive devices. In some telegraph and power transmission circuits, the earth itself can be used as one conductor of the circuit, saving the cost of installing a separate return conductor (see single-wire earth return).For measurement purposes, the Earth serves as a (reasonably) constant potential reference against which other potentials can be measured. An electrical ground system should have an appropriate current-carrying capability to serve as an adequate zero-voltage reference level. In electronic circuit theory, a ""ground"" is usually idealized as an infinite source or sink for charge, which can absorb an unlimited amount of current without changing its potential. Where a real ground connection has a significant resistance, the approximation of zero potential is no longer valid. Stray voltages or earth potential rise effects will occur, which may create noise in signals or if large enough will produce an electric shock hazard.The use of the term ground (or earth) is so common in electrical and electronics applications that circuits in portable electronic devices such as cell phones and media players as well as circuits in vehicles may be spoken of as having a ""ground"" connection without any actual connection to the Earth, despite ""common"" being a more appropriate term for such a connection. This is usually a large conductor attached to one side of the power supply (such as the ""ground plane"" on a printed circuit board) which serves as the common return path for current from many different components in the circuit.
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