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maximum mark: 50
maximum mark: 50

... through the mark scheme, you will eventually arrive at a set of descriptors that fits the candidate’s performance. When you reach this point, you should always then check the descriptors in the band above to confirm whether or not there is just enough evidence to award a mark in the higher band. For ...
NP-internal possessive constructions in Hoocąk and other Siouan
NP-internal possessive constructions in Hoocąk and other Siouan

... Languages usually have more than one construction to express a possessive relationship. Possessive constructions in an individual language usually express semantically different relations, which are traditionally subsumed under the notion of possession such as part-whole relationships, kinship relat ...
Objective - Magistra Snyder`s Latin Website
Objective - Magistra Snyder`s Latin Website

... Imperfect Tense worksheet. MIDTERM EXAM on THURSDAY 10/25 ...
Faculty of Language Studies EL120: Introduction to English
Faculty of Language Studies EL120: Introduction to English

... As pointed out above, linguists employ scientific techniques/procedures in their analyses and investigations .In doing so, linguists adopt different approaches determined by the objectives of their investigations/analyses of different aspects of language. The main approach to study language is theor ...
Non-canonical applicatives and focalization in Tswana
Non-canonical applicatives and focalization in Tswana

... the same verb in its non-applicative form. Such semantically unspecified applicatives are particularly common among Bantu languages. 2.5. Atypical applicatives and non-canonical uses of applicative verb forms Some languages may have derived verb forms used only in constructions that have some featur ...
Fulltext: english,
Fulltext: english,

... by their central derivatives is claimed to arise from a combination of factors including the semantic category of the base and the positions in the affixal skeleton with which the base argument is co-indexed (the type of polysemy that Copestake and Briscoe refer to as constructional polysemy). This ...
Summary of Unity Language Patterns
Summary of Unity Language Patterns

... Unity Pattern 1: NOUNS, VERBS, ADJECTIVES, ADVERBS This pattern generates nouns, verbs and adjectives in the 45 sequenced user area. The pattern also generates nouns, verbs, adjectives and adverbs ending in –ly in the 60 and 84 sequenced user areas. ...
The Word Order of Estonian: Implications to Universal Language
The Word Order of Estonian: Implications to Universal Language

... 1982), but the distinction of deep and surface structures is used much more broadly here for a good empirical reason. I try to explicate this. It is not hard to see that there are two types of principles or rules that influence the way languages linearise linguistic material. The one is grammatical ...
Untitled
Untitled

... This example shows that dictionaries presuppose knowledge of relations between words. It is the task of linguists to characterize the kind of knowledge on which the awareness of the relation between the word forms walk, walks, walked, and walking is based. Knowledge of a language includes knowledge ...
2017 Specimen Mark Scheme 4 - Cambridge International
2017 Specimen Mark Scheme 4 - Cambridge International

... © UCLES 2016 ...
Notes : Prepositions
Notes : Prepositions

... OF FOSSILS AFTER THE DANCE AROUND THE FIELD ...
conceptualization in the english gerund and its spanish - e
conceptualization in the english gerund and its spanish - e

... display serious limitations in their analysis of these constructions. Although the subject of the English gerund and its Spanish equivalents has been studied from several perspectives, there are few relevant studies so far. Studies exist (Álvarez, 1991; Fente, 1971; Criado de Val, 1972; Losada, 1980 ...
Robert Warnke
Robert Warnke

... 1.2.3 Order of adjectives . . . . . . . . 1.2.4 In case . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
"the white tiger" and "the reluctant fundamentalist"
"the white tiger" and "the reluctant fundamentalist"

... object but either complement or adverbial. This also indicates that there is no other object in his mind than the scene. “I’m sorry.” she said. “No I am sorry,” I said. “You do not like it?” “I don’t know,” she said, and for the first time in my presence, her eyes filled with tears. (The Reluctant F ...
The Verb-Particle Alternation in the Scandinavian Languages
The Verb-Particle Alternation in the Scandinavian Languages

... with directional particles (roll/spin/slide/float x up/down/in/out etc.) or those of a large class of verbs with affected objects with completive up (tear/burn/drink/fry x up). In these cases, the combinations will not be listed, but generated productively. That this occurs with prepositions but not ...
Adjectives: Highlighting Details
Adjectives: Highlighting Details

... A participle is not an adjective. But notice that eating can be used as an adjective, in the predicative position, in this sentence: A man eating is a man contented. Another participle singing can be used as an adjective as well. Notice that this one works in the attributive position: The singing te ...
Non-concord in Existential-There Constructions: A Corpus - S
Non-concord in Existential-There Constructions: A Corpus - S

... Insua & Martinez (2003) who selectively pick out a rather unrepresentative sample out of the whole and Meechan & Foley (1994) who solely deal with a small number of oral production samples. Second, TCs with a plural noun immediately following the verb be without intervening elements were collected. ...
Exo-skeletal vs. endo-skeletal explanations
Exo-skeletal vs. endo-skeletal explanations

... hopelessly ambiguous, quite simply because the non-head constituents will be themselves embedded under functional structure, categorizing them, so to speak, presumably as DPs or PPs. Should that not turn out to be the case the structure would become uninterpretable. The two modes of projecting funct ...
Click here to view a PDF sample.
Click here to view a PDF sample.

... you guess what kinds of things might be called “dress-ups”? What kinds of words make writing fancier or more formal? What about descriptive words? What kind of words do you think of when I say “descriptive words”? Most students think of adjectives. Adjectives are words that describe nouns (people, p ...
On the Reciprocal in Ndebele - Nordic Journal of African Studies
On the Reciprocal in Ndebele - Nordic Journal of African Studies

... marker (SM) and object marker (OM) that cross-reference noun phrases (NPs), tense/aspect, modality, etc. are prefixed. The reciprocal in Ndebele, like in most Bantu languages, is clearly marked by the verbal suffix -an-. It denotes “action […] performed […] by someone or something upon another and v ...
effects of concord errors in the essays of students in selected senior
effects of concord errors in the essays of students in selected senior

... Therefore, the need to improve proficiency in English has led many studies on the use of English among students. Various scholars like Ofuokwu (1982), Anasiudu (1983), Banjo (1969), Olaofe (1986) among others studied the grammatical errors made in the written and spoken English of users of English i ...
Te Quest for Cognates: A Reconstruction of Oblique Subject
Te Quest for Cognates: A Reconstruction of Oblique Subject

... character or an “object” origin of the subject-like argument. We present three different scenarios for the development of the construction and lay out the different predictions arising from each of these. First, if the construction is an independent development in the individual Indo-European branches ...
An Interaction Grammar of Interrogative and Relative Clauses in
An Interaction Grammar of Interrogative and Relative Clauses in

... • Subject inversion: contrary to canonical constructions of clauses where the subject precedes the verb, wh-clauses allow subject inversion under some conditions. These conditions depend on various factors. • Interrogative and declarative marking: in French, relative clauses and interrogative clause ...
Function of the Imperfect Tense in Mark`s Gospel
Function of the Imperfect Tense in Mark`s Gospel

... This function is not the exclusive (or even primary) domain of the imperfect since both aorist and present forms may be used for the same purpose.24 As to why the imperfect is so used, that is a more difficult question. There appears to be a general pattern when 3E4$ is involved, though with some ex ...
Verbs in spoken sentence processing Goede, Dieuwke de
Verbs in spoken sentence processing Goede, Dieuwke de

... the different constituents in a sentence and to reach the correct interpretation of the sentence. This relation between the verb and its arguments appears in virtually all linguistic theories, including non-transformational lexical theories, like Head-driven Phrase Structure Grammar (Pollard & Sag, ...
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Old English grammar

The grammar of Old English is quite different from that of Modern English, predominantly by being much more inflected. As an old Germanic language, Old English has a morphological system that is similar to that of the hypothetical Proto-Germanic reconstruction, retaining many of the inflections thought to have been common in Proto-Indo-European and also including characteristically Germanic constructions such as the umlaut.Among living languages, Old English morphology most closely resembles that of modern Icelandic, which is among the most conservative of the Germanic languages; to a lesser extent, the Old English inflectional system is similar to that of modern High German.Nouns, pronouns, adjectives and determiners were fully inflected with five grammatical cases (nominative, accusative, genitive, dative, and instrumental), two grammatical numbers (singular and plural) and three grammatical genders (masculine, feminine, and neuter). First- and second-person personal pronouns also had dual forms for referring to groups of two people, in addition to the usual singular and plural forms.The instrumental case was somewhat rare and occurred only in the masculine and neuter singular; it could typically be replaced by the dative. Adjectives, pronouns and (sometimes) participles agreed with their antecedent nouns in case, number and gender. Finite verbs agreed with their subject in person and number.Nouns came in numerous declensions (with deep parallels in Latin, Ancient Greek and Sanskrit). Verbs came in nine main conjugations (seven strong and two weak), each with numerous subtypes, as well as a few additional smaller conjugations and a handful of irregular verbs. The main difference from other ancient Indo-European languages, such as Latin, is that verbs can be conjugated in only two tenses (vs. the six ""tenses"" – really tense/aspect combinations – of Latin), and have no synthetic passive voice (although it did still exist in Gothic).The grammatical gender of a given noun does not necessarily correspond to its natural gender, even for nouns referring to people. For example, sēo sunne (the Sun) was feminine, se mōna (the Moon) was masculine, and þæt wīf ""the woman/wife"" was neuter. (Compare modern German die Sonne, der Mond, das Weib.) Pronominal usage could reflect either natural or grammatical gender, when it conflicted.
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