Dissertation - AUT Scholarly Commons
... This chapter presents the background and motivation for this research that involves analyzing the performance of a language parser called UGE (Universal Grammar Engine). UGE is developed by Professor Yeap as part of his theory of how children acquire their first language (Yeap, 2005a). This chapter ...
... This chapter presents the background and motivation for this research that involves analyzing the performance of a language parser called UGE (Universal Grammar Engine). UGE is developed by Professor Yeap as part of his theory of how children acquire their first language (Yeap, 2005a). This chapter ...
Noun incorporation and transitivity in Soninke (West Mande)
... Dì is sometimes labeled ‘completive positive marker’, but this label is hardly compatible with its use in the imperative plural. Alternatively, given its position, it could be analyzed as an ergative postposition or accusative preposition with a restricted distribution. We prefer the more neutral la ...
... Dì is sometimes labeled ‘completive positive marker’, but this label is hardly compatible with its use in the imperative plural. Alternatively, given its position, it could be analyzed as an ergative postposition or accusative preposition with a restricted distribution. We prefer the more neutral la ...
Uncharacteristic Characteristics of the Iquito Adjective Class
... processes also applies to nouns, and so I conclude that Iquito adjectives are non-noun-like (in addition to being non-verb-like, as described in the previous section). Furthermore, these morphological characteristics are useful in defining the adjective class as a word class distinct from nouns. It ...
... processes also applies to nouns, and so I conclude that Iquito adjectives are non-noun-like (in addition to being non-verb-like, as described in the previous section). Furthermore, these morphological characteristics are useful in defining the adjective class as a word class distinct from nouns. It ...
JANNACH`S German for Reading Knowledge Sixth Edition
... also on the companion website at academic.cengage.com/ german/korb. All website links suggesting further reading are regularly reviewed and updated. • Based on instructor and student feedback, grammar presentations including the following were expanded or revised: nominative interrogatives, N-nouns, ...
... also on the companion website at academic.cengage.com/ german/korb. All website links suggesting further reading are regularly reviewed and updated. • Based on instructor and student feedback, grammar presentations including the following were expanded or revised: nominative interrogatives, N-nouns, ...
Killgallon participial phrases
... • She called to him, excited. • She (S) called (V) to him, excited (past participial phrase). ...
... • She called to him, excited. • She (S) called (V) to him, excited (past participial phrase). ...
Persian Grammar Sketch
... Two prepositions (distinguish genuine compound prepositions of the type on to from sequences resulting from cases where a preposition has as its argument a prepositional phrase, e.g. from behind. In English these can for example be distinguished by means of the modification, e.g. from ten yards behi ...
... Two prepositions (distinguish genuine compound prepositions of the type on to from sequences resulting from cases where a preposition has as its argument a prepositional phrase, e.g. from behind. In English these can for example be distinguished by means of the modification, e.g. from ten yards behi ...
YERPAl SEQUENCES; A GENERATIVE APPROACH
... This chapter is only intended to suggest some of the possible consequences of complex verb verbal sequences in view of the new phrase structure proposals - cf. especially Pollock (19Ô7) - for clausal structure consisting in the isolation into different functional nodes of the previously assumed head ...
... This chapter is only intended to suggest some of the possible consequences of complex verb verbal sequences in view of the new phrase structure proposals - cf. especially Pollock (19Ô7) - for clausal structure consisting in the isolation into different functional nodes of the previously assumed head ...
paper - Ohlone - University of California, Santa Cruz
... There is, however, an independent reason why examples such as () might be impossible. Reflexive pronouns are formed in Irish by adding the suffix féin to a personal pronoun. In (), for example, féin is added to the third person singular masculine pronoun é, to make the corresponding reflexive pronou ...
... There is, however, an independent reason why examples such as () might be impossible. Reflexive pronouns are formed in Irish by adding the suffix féin to a personal pronoun. In (), for example, féin is added to the third person singular masculine pronoun é, to make the corresponding reflexive pronou ...
The verb krijgen `to get` as an undative verb
... (1978) and Burzio (1986) have shown that the set of monadic verbs (verbs that take a single argument, which is realized as the subject of the clause) can be divided into two distinct subclasses. Next to run-of-the-mill intransitive verbs like lachen ‘to laugh’, there is a class of so-called unaccusa ...
... (1978) and Burzio (1986) have shown that the set of monadic verbs (verbs that take a single argument, which is realized as the subject of the clause) can be divided into two distinct subclasses. Next to run-of-the-mill intransitive verbs like lachen ‘to laugh’, there is a class of so-called unaccusa ...
sentence structure basics
... There are four sentence patterns: simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex. The different patterns are categorized according to various combinations of independent and dependent clauses. ...
... There are four sentence patterns: simple, compound, complex, and compound-complex. The different patterns are categorized according to various combinations of independent and dependent clauses. ...
Meaning representation, semantic analysis, and lexical semantics
... – It is a specification of a conceptualization of a knowledge domain – It is a controlled vocabulary that describes objects and the relations between them in a formal way, and has strict rules about how to specify terms and relationships. ...
... – It is a specification of a conceptualization of a knowledge domain – It is a controlled vocabulary that describes objects and the relations between them in a formal way, and has strict rules about how to specify terms and relationships. ...
Cross-LinguistiC Patterns of Linking
... 2. If the predicate has no activity predicate in its LS, it is undergoer. These principles correctly predict the transitivity of the verbs from Brazilian Portuguese and English discussed above. (The LSs for the Brazilian Portuguese verbs are [do´ (x, Ø)] CAUSE [BECOME closed´ (y)] for fechar ‘close’ ...
... 2. If the predicate has no activity predicate in its LS, it is undergoer. These principles correctly predict the transitivity of the verbs from Brazilian Portuguese and English discussed above. (The LSs for the Brazilian Portuguese verbs are [do´ (x, Ø)] CAUSE [BECOME closed´ (y)] for fechar ‘close’ ...
Morphological Typology and First Language Acquisition: Some
... shape of morphological units, binarity and biuniqueness (as preferred over uniqueness and especially ambiguity). The typological value of the concepts of agglutinating and inflecting-fusional morphology has been severely criticised by many specialists, such as Anderson (1985: 10), Bauer (1988: 170), ...
... shape of morphological units, binarity and biuniqueness (as preferred over uniqueness and especially ambiguity). The typological value of the concepts of agglutinating and inflecting-fusional morphology has been severely criticised by many specialists, such as Anderson (1985: 10), Bauer (1988: 170), ...
Why would anyone take long? Word classes and Construction
... AdjP which in turn constitutes the measure NP. This idiosyncratic approach applies to Penn corpora from ME onwards 4 but not to YCOE, where a more orthodox distinction between adjective and adverb is observed for this word. I have attempted to mark each instance of long in my database with its actua ...
... AdjP which in turn constitutes the measure NP. This idiosyncratic approach applies to Penn corpora from ME onwards 4 but not to YCOE, where a more orthodox distinction between adjective and adverb is observed for this word. I have attempted to mark each instance of long in my database with its actua ...
The Syntax and Semantics of Tongan Noun Phrases
... function is simply to indicate who or what it is to which our attention is now directed.” While this is a very common word in Tongan, and very important to discourse, it is less relevant to the subject of this paper; thus I will simply refer to it as the topic marker. The uniting factor of all of th ...
... function is simply to indicate who or what it is to which our attention is now directed.” While this is a very common word in Tongan, and very important to discourse, it is less relevant to the subject of this paper; thus I will simply refer to it as the topic marker. The uniting factor of all of th ...
The syntax of preverbal ge- in Old English
... It turns out, however, that the difference is spurious, and comes entirely from interaction with lexical effects: + It turns out that 86 of the 96 examples of perfects with BE, where the PPP lacks ge- are with cuman. + Recall that – for reasons that remain unclear – cuman staunchly resists prefixati ...
... It turns out, however, that the difference is spurious, and comes entirely from interaction with lexical effects: + It turns out that 86 of the 96 examples of perfects with BE, where the PPP lacks ge- are with cuman. + Recall that – for reasons that remain unclear – cuman staunchly resists prefixati ...
Grammar in the Vertical Alignment + Teaching Parallel Structure
... Parallel: To walk in this rain with neither a raincoat nor umbrella is to invite a reprimand from your mother and ridicule from your father. [Here infinitive phrases are parallel. Note how each infinitive phrase is balanced appropriately on either side of the linking verb is. Note, as well, the para ...
... Parallel: To walk in this rain with neither a raincoat nor umbrella is to invite a reprimand from your mother and ridicule from your father. [Here infinitive phrases are parallel. Note how each infinitive phrase is balanced appropriately on either side of the linking verb is. Note, as well, the para ...
lesson 1 - Fas Harvard
... centuries B.C.E. Together they make up the the oldest stratum of the Iranian branch of the Indo-European language group. The Indic, or Indo-Aryan, branch is represented by Old Indic, known from the Rigveda and later literature in Sanskrit. The Indo-Iranian group, finally, is but one branch of the Ind ...
... centuries B.C.E. Together they make up the the oldest stratum of the Iranian branch of the Indo-European language group. The Indic, or Indo-Aryan, branch is represented by Old Indic, known from the Rigveda and later literature in Sanskrit. The Indo-Iranian group, finally, is but one branch of the Ind ...
the simple sentence - Annie Montaut
... “checking was over”, actualise the complex (intransitive) predicate without any external argument, a discursive equivalent of the so-called impersonal passive in German or Roman languages. In the absence of any context, it is not possible to determine if the nominal intaza¯r and ja¯˜c are hosts or i ...
... “checking was over”, actualise the complex (intransitive) predicate without any external argument, a discursive equivalent of the so-called impersonal passive in German or Roman languages. In the absence of any context, it is not possible to determine if the nominal intaza¯r and ja¯˜c are hosts or i ...
The caritive and abessive negation in the changing system of
... that these suffixes are markers of a special type of negation. The goal of this contribution is to pin down the exact meanings on the basis of new data, comparing them to the data of the abessive (caritive) in Finnic. Uralic, Altaic and several other typologically divergent languages have a case tha ...
... that these suffixes are markers of a special type of negation. The goal of this contribution is to pin down the exact meanings on the basis of new data, comparing them to the data of the abessive (caritive) in Finnic. Uralic, Altaic and several other typologically divergent languages have a case tha ...
Essential Latin Grammar
... There are three basic types of subordinate clause: noun clauses, adjective clauses, and adverb clauses. Each type takes its name from how it functions with relation to the main clause. 2.1. Noun clauses. Noun clauses are, simply put, entire clauses used as nouns. The uses are typically either as sub ...
... There are three basic types of subordinate clause: noun clauses, adjective clauses, and adverb clauses. Each type takes its name from how it functions with relation to the main clause. 2.1. Noun clauses. Noun clauses are, simply put, entire clauses used as nouns. The uses are typically either as sub ...
1 Noun classes and classifiers, semantics of
... In some languages most nouns are assigned to just one noun class; in other languages different noun classes can be chosen to highlight a particular property of a referent. Manambu, a Ndu language from the Sepik area, has two genders. The masculine gender includes male referents, and feminine gender ...
... In some languages most nouns are assigned to just one noun class; in other languages different noun classes can be chosen to highlight a particular property of a referent. Manambu, a Ndu language from the Sepik area, has two genders. The masculine gender includes male referents, and feminine gender ...
Noun Clause - jeffrey scott longstaff
... OPTIONAL indirect object: Verb in the main clause does not need an indirect object to promise to show to teach to warn to write I will show (them) how much I want this job. I promised her that I would be on time. She promises that she will work hard. She promises she will work hard. She promises to ...
... OPTIONAL indirect object: Verb in the main clause does not need an indirect object to promise to show to teach to warn to write I will show (them) how much I want this job. I promised her that I would be on time. She promises that she will work hard. She promises she will work hard. She promises to ...
Adverbs and adverbial phrases
... as nominals - but there is no indication that they behave like nominals in this sort of construction. It is not possible to replace ki in this sort of structure with kərek, 'one', a numeral that is the root of ki ...
... as nominals - but there is no indication that they behave like nominals in this sort of construction. It is not possible to replace ki in this sort of structure with kərek, 'one', a numeral that is the root of ki ...
The Linguistic Features of Newspapers Headlines
... termed “headlinese” incorporates several features ;though similar in some respect to standard language, , yet it also shows many differences and peculiarities which may sometimes render the headlines ambiguous and misleading. The present paper pins down the general linguistic features of headlinese ...
... termed “headlinese” incorporates several features ;though similar in some respect to standard language, , yet it also shows many differences and peculiarities which may sometimes render the headlines ambiguous and misleading. The present paper pins down the general linguistic features of headlinese ...