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Internal and external forces again: changes in word order in Old
Internal and external forces again: changes in word order in Old

... If Wackernagel’s Law has cross-linguistic validity then there must be a general motivation for it. The shift of ‘light’ unstressed elements to second position creates a typical rhythmic pattern of ‘strong’+‘weak’, so that the ultimate justification for it may be prosodic. But as Vennemann points out ...
A Universal Feature Schema for Rich
A Universal Feature Schema for Rich

... that represent semantic “atoms” that are never decomposed into more finegrained meanings in any natural language. This ensures that the meanings of all morphemes are able to be represented either through single features or through multiple features in combination. The purpose of the universal morpho ...
Correct Pronoun Usage
Correct Pronoun Usage

... EXERCISE 2. Number your paper 1-20. After the numbers, write the correct case forms of personal pronouns to fill the blanks in the corresponding sentences. After each pronoun, write s. for subject or p.n. for predicate nominative, according to the way the pronoun is used. Use as many different prono ...
Validation of Corpus Pattern Analysis
Validation of Corpus Pattern Analysis

... They elected him President; it made him happy) A – Adverbial (usually a prepositional phrase, a particle, or one of a small set of adverbs, as in She drove to London, she drove home, she drove off). This is the basic framework underlying all PDEV patterns. Absence of a direct object can be part of a ...
Prepositional Phrases
Prepositional Phrases

... preposition plus its object (a noun or pronoun). This is called the Object of the Preposition. Therefore, a Prepositional Phrase begins with a Preposition and ends with a noun or pronoun ...
Prominence and accentuation in French. A corpus
Prominence and accentuation in French. A corpus

... grammatical tags, so that information concerning the “stressability” in regard to French accentuation rules could be retrieved for each syllable. ...
Noun Compound Interpretation Using Paraphrasing Verbs
Noun Compound Interpretation Using Paraphrasing Verbs

... doghouse, and mothballs. Some other examples contained a modifier that is a concatenation of two nouns, e.g., wastebasket category, hairpin turn, headache pills, basketball season, testtube baby; we decided to retain these examples. A similar example (which we chose to retain as well) is beehive hai ...
Appendix 2 - University of Waterloo
Appendix 2 - University of Waterloo

... called gerunds. Purchasing software is difficult. “Purchasing” functions as a noun and is the subject of the verb “is.” Otherwise, they are used as adjectives and must describe or modify a noun, usually the subject of the main part of the sentence. A difficulty arises because participles are parts o ...
Grammar Practice Workbook
Grammar Practice Workbook

... 3. Wrestlers wage individual battles but can earn points for a team. 4. Although basketball was invented in the United States, it is now played throughout the world and is a part of the Olympics. 5. Soccer and lacrosse are sports that are gaining popularity in America. 6. A club sometimes sponsors s ...
Some characteristics of deverbal nominals in Slavic and Romance
Some characteristics of deverbal nominals in Slavic and Romance

... Slovenian and Polish) and Romance languages (Italian, French and Spanish) in order to show (i) that affixation corresponds to a specific mode of morphological operations and (ii) that the differences and similarities between deverbal nominals of these two language families follow from the properties ...
WHAT IS A PRONOUN?
WHAT IS A PRONOUN?

... Note: It is also important to be clear when using pronouns. For example: He really should not do that. (Who is he? What is that?) ...
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view

... intepretation as the other figurative uses in general, are marked by a specific feature (fig=meton). For example, in the following corpus context, - una banda di ragazzi che tagliavano le gomme (a group of children which were punching pneumatics) gomma is annotated as 'template_type=material' and ...
DESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR (SYNTAX)–Section 1 Parts of speech 1
DESCRIPTIVE GRAMMAR (SYNTAX)–Section 1 Parts of speech 1

... Functional classification of subordinate clauses 1. Comment clauses express the speaker’s attitude to the contents of the main clause or a way of expressing it. a/ At that time, I presume, people were better. b/ What’s more, he has lost his wallet. c/ To be honest, I’m not sure what I should do. d/ ...
English Language. - La Trobe University
English Language. - La Trobe University

... motions; between unity and plurality ; between the present, past and future time, and some other distinctions are founded in nature, and give rise to different species of words, and to various inflections in all languages. T h e g r a m m a r of a particular language is a system of general firinci/i ...
AN ANALYSIS OF TRADITIONAL GRAMMAR, IMMEDIATE
AN ANALYSIS OF TRADITIONAL GRAMMAR, IMMEDIATE

... in grammar rather than its meaning in a sentence. There are few forms of subject as a noun phrase in the sentence such as a bare noun phrase such as singular or plural noun phrases and a mass noun as in “Students are at work”, a determiner phrase, a noun phrase which is preceded by a determiner (det ...
Implicit standards for explicit grammar teaching
Implicit standards for explicit grammar teaching

... actually used." But if examples and exercises contradict the rules, attentive students will be confused. If they don't contradict the rules, they will reinforce them, misinformation and all. "The innate principles of Universal Grammar will automatically tell students how to interpret the rules." But ...
English
English

... etc. Due to this complexity, in Guajiro any transitive verb can literally have thousands of forms, and very complex forms are not rare. Guajiro verbs can also have dozens of infinitives, which are not just citation forms, based on themes of increasing complexity. The open classes are nouns and verbs ...
Stiahnuť prednášku
Stiahnuť prednášku

... If the -ed form is verbal, we can change the passive construction in which it occurs into an active one: ...
APA 2 - ELTE / SEAS
APA 2 - ELTE / SEAS

... judiciously as introductory or transitional words. Ask yourself whether the introduction or transition is needed and whether the adverb is being used correctly. Some of the more common introductory adverbial phrases are importantly, more importantly, interestingly, and firstly. Although importantly ...
This chapter makes theoretical contributions to construction grammar
This chapter makes theoretical contributions to construction grammar

... handle in the framework of construction grammar, but this issue goes beyond the scope of our article, which focuses on Russian rather than English. A highly inflected language, such as Russian, clearly marks elements in terms of their roles in a construction, relegating word order to pragmatic funct ...
Use of Passive
Use of Passive

... Example: They build houses. – Houses are built. Verbs without an object (intransitive verb) normally cannot form a personal passive sentence (as there is no object that can become the subject of the passive sentence). If you want to use an intransitive verb in passive voice, you need an impersonal c ...
Production of verbs in base position by Dutch agrammatic
Production of verbs in base position by Dutch agrammatic

... because of the use of het: ‘the’ (Zwart, p.c.). The reason to include both constructions was to be sure that the previous findings were not blurred by two different kinds of infinitives. This is why the infinitive in the first condition is called the ‘pure infinitive’: all grammarians seem to agree that ...
Title The Syntactic Buoyancy Principle and English reading Author
Title The Syntactic Buoyancy Principle and English reading Author

... To have students recognize the Syntactic Buoyancy Principle, it is probably a good start to turn their attention to transitive phrasal verbs, which are made up of two or more parts that work together as a single word. Included in this class are expressions like fill out (‘complete’), ...
grammar and style - The University of Michigan Press
grammar and style - The University of Michigan Press

... Prepositions are best learned in context because they can vary in meaning, depending on which other words they are used with. They are often idiomatic, and, in many cases, they do not have translation equivalents in other languages. The most common prepositions in English are at, by, for, from, in, ...
2007 - SugarTexts
2007 - SugarTexts

... Berthele, R. (2004): The typology of motion and posture verbs: A variationist account. In: B. Kortmann, ed. Dialectology Meets Typology. Dialect Grammar from a Cross-Linguistic Perspective. Berlin & New York, 93-126. Blaser, E. & Sperling, G. (in press) When is motion motion? Perception. Borst, A. ( ...
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Portuguese grammar

Portuguese grammar, the morphology and syntax of the Portuguese language, is similar to the grammar of most other Romance languages—especially that of Spanish, and even more so to that of Galician. It is a relatively synthetic, fusional language.Nouns, adjectives, pronouns, and articles are moderately inflected: there are two genders (masculine and feminine) and two numbers (singular and plural). The case system of the ancestor language, Latin, has been lost, but personal pronouns are still declined with three main types of forms: subject, object of verb, and object of preposition. Most nouns and many adjectives can take diminutive or augmentative derivational suffixes, and most adjectives can take a so-called ""superlative"" derivational suffix. Adjectives usually follow the noun.Verbs are highly inflected: there are three tenses (past, present, future), three moods (indicative, subjunctive, imperative), three aspects (perfective, imperfective, and progressive), three voices (active, passive, reflexive), and an inflected infinitive. Most perfect and imperfect tenses are synthetic, totaling 11 conjugational paradigms, while all progressive tenses and passive constructions are periphrastic. As in other Romance languages, there is also an impersonal passive construction, with the agent replaced by an indefinite pronoun. Portuguese is basically an SVO language, although SOV syntax may occur with a few object pronouns, and word order is generally not as rigid as in English. It is a null subject language, with a tendency to drop object pronouns as well, in colloquial varieties. Like Spanish, it has two main copular verbs: ser and estar.It has a number of grammatical features that distinguish it from most other Romance languages, such as a synthetic pluperfect, a future subjunctive tense, the inflected infinitive, and a present perfect with an iterative sense. A rare feature of Portuguese is mesoclisis, the infixing of clitic pronouns in some verbal forms.
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