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PPT
PPT

... poisoning is associated with breakdown critical natural proteins and accumulation of ammonia  Ricinus communis agglutinin….aggglutination of rbcs  Poisoning is due to ricin, since RCA cannot penetrate the intestinal wall…  Detected by precipitin reactions with sera containing ...
Ciguatera Fish Poisoning
Ciguatera Fish Poisoning

...  There is further research needed to find how ciguatoxins effect animal and human physiology.  Greater knowledge about this will lead to better ...
Harmful algal blooms
Harmful algal blooms

... Native to Africa, Australia, and the warmer parts of Asia. Brought to Florida in 1959 to sell as a plant for aquariums. ...
Local Anesthetics
Local Anesthetics

... (amide type) or in plasma (ester type) to more water-soluble metabolites  Decreased hepatic elimination of local anesthetics would be anticipated in patients with reduced hepatic blood flow or hepatic diseases ...
TOXICOLOGY
TOXICOLOGY

... • Carbon monoxide: colorless, odorless and tasteless gas. • Sources: combustion of carbon materials, automobiles, poorly vented furnaces, fireplaces, wood-burning stoves, charcoal grills and kerosene space heaters. • Toxic effects: is related to hypoxia within the brain and heart. Dyspnea, lethargy, ...
The Structural Basis and Functional Consequences of Interactions
The Structural Basis and Functional Consequences of Interactions

... pore of the channel (Figure 2). Two rings of mostly negatively charged amino acids line the outer vestibule (shown in pink in Fig. 2), and the inner ring, composed of aspartate (DI), glutamate (DII), lysine (DIII), and alanine (DIV) (the DEKA filter shown as red, red, blue, and green space filling s ...
Supporting Information S1.
Supporting Information S1.

... Note: CCMP stands for Provasoli-Guillard National Center for Culture of Marine Phytoplankton.  This diet is used as a food supply for Acartia tonsa. No measurement was performed with this diet. ♦ This diet was used during experiments performed prior to the main grazing experiment of the present stu ...
TI = LD 50 /ED 50 or TI = TD 50 /ED 50
TI = LD 50 /ED 50 or TI = TD 50 /ED 50

... •400 BC: Hippocrates compiled a listing of a number of poisons and outlined some clinical toxicology principles. •1493-1541: Paracelsus—physician and philosopher •All substances are poisons; the right dose differentiates a poisons from a remedy. •“Dose determines toxicity.” ...
Bad Fish - Groch Biology
Bad Fish - Groch Biology

... • put a mixture of charcoal into his stomach to help absorb any chemicals that might still be there. ...
HERBICIDE AND FUNGICIDE TOXICOLOGY
HERBICIDE AND FUNGICIDE TOXICOLOGY

...  There were haemorrhages in the epicardium and along the aorta. The lungs showed isolated areas of collapse and generalized congestion. Blood splashes were occasionally seen on the diaphragm.  The stomach, intestines, liver and kidney sometimes showed mild congestion. The bladder was invariably ...
Most important VF Table for Board Review
Most important VF Table for Board Review

... Most Important Virulence Factor for Board Review Below are listed some diseases that are associated with specific virulence factors that can often be found in case scenario questions. Please fill out the specific virulence factor next to the disease. In addition, case scenarios often focus on the me ...
Botulism1
Botulism1

... often found in poorly preserved food, or more rarely in flesh wounds. These toxins have been the subject of much research, and have been shown to have wide variety of uses, perhaps most surprisingly in the field of cosmetic medicine. The are seven different types of the toxin known, and are denoted ...
Slide 1
Slide 1

... What is Toxicity? How is it Measured? Substances are usually tested for toxicity using a dose-response analysis. In a dose-response analysis, an organism is exposed to a toxin at different concentrations, and the dosage that causes the death of the organism is recorded. The information from a set o ...
Document
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... 1) Hormone Disrupters • Hormone Mimics ...
Ch 14 Env Health 2013 - Pendleton
Ch 14 Env Health 2013 - Pendleton

... • Dosage: Amount of substance ingested, inhaled or absorbed through skin ...
Animal Toxins
Animal Toxins

... 60 fatal anaphylactic reactions each year in the United States. According to experts, about 0.3% to 3.0% of the US population experiences anaphylactic reactions from insect stings and bites.Snake venoms have been studied extensively; their effects are due, in general, to toxins that are peptides wit ...
Toxin-Resistant Sodium Channels: Parallel Adaptive Evolution
Toxin-Resistant Sodium Channels: Parallel Adaptive Evolution

... to be resistant to the naturally occurring paralytic shellfish poisoning guanidinium toxin saxitoxin (STX), due to a specific amino acid replacement in the single sodium channel in their genome (Bricelj et al. 2005). Similar studies in vertebrate animals have identified specific mutations that provi ...
Dark Side of Nemo`s World
Dark Side of Nemo`s World

... * Symptoms usually develop within a few minutes to an hour after eating fish ...
The number of food poisoning bacteria doubles every 10 minutes.
The number of food poisoning bacteria doubles every 10 minutes.

... ...
Important Biotoxin in Seafood
Important Biotoxin in Seafood

... • The most consistently reported symptoms are 1. Moderate to severe gastrointestinal disorders of ...
Ca 2+
Ca 2+

... mEPPs were reduced in size by 57% of untreated control Quantal content was increased to 154%!! After a single injection of alphaBTX mEPPs were reduced in size by 60% but no increase in quantal content was observed! At timepoints between acute treatment and 6 weeks with alphaBTX quantal content incre ...
Tetrodotoxin
Tetrodotoxin

... How Prepared/Ingested ...
< 1 2 3

Tetrodotoxin



Tetrodotoxin, frequently abbreviated as TTX, is a potent neurotoxin. Its name derives from Tetraodontiformes, an order that includes pufferfish, porcupinefish, ocean sunfish or mola, and triggerfish; several species that carry the toxin. Although tetrodotoxin was discovered in these fish and found in several other animals (e.g., blue-ringed octopus, rough-skinned newt, and Naticidae) it is actually produced by certain symbiotic bacteria, such as Pseudoalteromonas tetraodonis, certain species of Pseudomonas and Vibrio, as well as some others that reside within these animals.Tetrodotoxin inhibits the firing of action potentials in nerves by binding to the voltage-gated sodium channels in nerve cell membranes and blocking the passage of sodium ions (responsible for the rising phase of an action potential) into the nerve cell.Its mechanism of action, selective blocking of the sodium channel, was shown definitively in 1964 by Toshio Narahashi and professor John W. Moore at Duke University, using the sucrose gap voltage clamp technique.
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