Fundamentals of English Syntax - Department of English and
... analysis of sentences is the idea that words can combine with other words to form larger groups of words, called constituents. Constituents combine with other words or constituents to form yet larger constituents, until we eventually have a full sentence. The expressions listed in (5) and (6) were e ...
... analysis of sentences is the idea that words can combine with other words to form larger groups of words, called constituents. Constituents combine with other words or constituents to form yet larger constituents, until we eventually have a full sentence. The expressions listed in (5) and (6) were e ...
lemmatization of english verbs in compound tenses
... auxiliary to be has extensions: become, get, grow, remain, stay, some of these auxiliaries have aspectual meanings, accordingly, they are not accepted by all verbs, thus, many additional constraints will have to be introduced among verb combinations. Notice that lemmatization is not a goal in itself ...
... auxiliary to be has extensions: become, get, grow, remain, stay, some of these auxiliaries have aspectual meanings, accordingly, they are not accepted by all verbs, thus, many additional constraints will have to be introduced among verb combinations. Notice that lemmatization is not a goal in itself ...
Week 2b
... Looked at this way, adjectives are kind of “verby” in that they are also attributing properties. It’s hard to make that really precise, but we have a more concrete syntactic similarity between verbs and adjectives too: both can take un-, while nouns and prepositions cannot. ...
... Looked at this way, adjectives are kind of “verby” in that they are also attributing properties. It’s hard to make that really precise, but we have a more concrete syntactic similarity between verbs and adjectives too: both can take un-, while nouns and prepositions cannot. ...
Glossary
... The element of the noun group that comes after the head word and whose function is to qualify the head word. Qualifiers can be either an embedded clause (eg A verb that contains a preposition is often a phrasal verb) or a prepositional phrase (eg The house at the end of the street was said to be hau ...
... The element of the noun group that comes after the head word and whose function is to qualify the head word. Qualifiers can be either an embedded clause (eg A verb that contains a preposition is often a phrasal verb) or a prepositional phrase (eg The house at the end of the street was said to be hau ...
Phrases
... Use commas to set off any appositive or appositive phrase that is not essential to the meaning of a sentence. Paulo’s brother Ernesto also lives there. [The appositive is essential because Paulo has more than one brother.] Dora, Paulo’s only sister, lives in New York. [The appositive phrase is n ...
... Use commas to set off any appositive or appositive phrase that is not essential to the meaning of a sentence. Paulo’s brother Ernesto also lives there. [The appositive is essential because Paulo has more than one brother.] Dora, Paulo’s only sister, lives in New York. [The appositive phrase is n ...
Slide 1
... alone as main verbs (be, have, do). • Modal auxiliaries, which are used to build up verb phrases and contain an element of possibility. (Will, may, can, must, ought (to), shall, might, could, would, should.) ...
... alone as main verbs (be, have, do). • Modal auxiliaries, which are used to build up verb phrases and contain an element of possibility. (Will, may, can, must, ought (to), shall, might, could, would, should.) ...
Adverbs describe Adjectives…
... Refers to any one of a class of people, places, or things. a president an orange sweater ...
... Refers to any one of a class of people, places, or things. a president an orange sweater ...
Sentence Structure
... grammatical categories and meaning is more complex than these few examples suggest. For example, some nouns refer to events (marriage and destruction) and others to states (happiness, loneliness). We can use abstract nouns such as honor and beauty, rather than adjectives, to refer to properties and ...
... grammatical categories and meaning is more complex than these few examples suggest. For example, some nouns refer to events (marriage and destruction) and others to states (happiness, loneliness). We can use abstract nouns such as honor and beauty, rather than adjectives, to refer to properties and ...
Abbreviations and Initials
... Sometimes a writer will give human characteristics to non-human things. Objects, ideas, places, or animals may be given human qualities. They may perform human actions. This kind of language is called personification. Personification helps a writer to create an exciting picture in the reader’s ...
... Sometimes a writer will give human characteristics to non-human things. Objects, ideas, places, or animals may be given human qualities. They may perform human actions. This kind of language is called personification. Personification helps a writer to create an exciting picture in the reader’s ...
A. SUBJECT - VERB AGREEMENT 1 . Two or more Singular
... away/out/up/indoor or outdoor and Main Verb, or Aux + Main Verb is used before the Subject. For example, Incorrect- Away Sita went Correct- Away went Sita. ...
... away/out/up/indoor or outdoor and Main Verb, or Aux + Main Verb is used before the Subject. For example, Incorrect- Away Sita went Correct- Away went Sita. ...
Parallel Words... All items in a series should have the same structure
... Director Billy Wilder filmed Some Like it Hot in black and white, not because he wanted to be artistic, but because a greenish tint in Lemmon's and Curtis' heavy make-up could not be hidden on color film. (parallel subordinate clauses) Marilyn Monroe had two big problems during filming: remembering ...
... Director Billy Wilder filmed Some Like it Hot in black and white, not because he wanted to be artistic, but because a greenish tint in Lemmon's and Curtis' heavy make-up could not be hidden on color film. (parallel subordinate clauses) Marilyn Monroe had two big problems during filming: remembering ...
Common Grammar Mistakes
... name must include the genus. “Sapiens” on its own does not mean anything; trivial names must ALWAYS be coupled with their generic name. Why? Generic names are unique; Homo only applies to a group of hominids with large brains. However, trivial names are not unique; there are many species with the sa ...
... name must include the genus. “Sapiens” on its own does not mean anything; trivial names must ALWAYS be coupled with their generic name. Why? Generic names are unique; Homo only applies to a group of hominids with large brains. However, trivial names are not unique; there are many species with the sa ...
Session 8 (Cognitive Grammar)
... Cognitive Grammar to characterize grammatical predications that indicate the relationship of a designated entity to the ground or situation of speech, including the speech event itself, its participants, and their respective spheres of knowledge.” • “Grounding predications are obligatory grammatical ...
... Cognitive Grammar to characterize grammatical predications that indicate the relationship of a designated entity to the ground or situation of speech, including the speech event itself, its participants, and their respective spheres of knowledge.” • “Grounding predications are obligatory grammatical ...
Lexical Functional Grammar Abstract 1 LFG`s syntactic structures
... LFG assumes that two syntactic levels are important in the analysis of linguistic structure. F(unctional)-structure represents abstract grammatical functions like subject and object as well as abstract features like tense and case. Another level, c(onstituent)-structure, represents the concrete phra ...
... LFG assumes that two syntactic levels are important in the analysis of linguistic structure. F(unctional)-structure represents abstract grammatical functions like subject and object as well as abstract features like tense and case. Another level, c(onstituent)-structure, represents the concrete phra ...
Parts of Speech - Fort Thomas Independent Schools
... or another adverb. They tell how, where, when, or to what extent. They often end in –ly. ...
... or another adverb. They tell how, where, when, or to what extent. They often end in –ly. ...
A Verbal Alternation under a Scalar Constraint
... responsible for the incompatibility of resultative predicates with directed motion verbs and directional phrases (*The box arrived open; *Sam tickled Chris silly off her chair). The present study presents a novel argument for (1) from certain verbal alternations (illustrated below in Hebrew) that ha ...
... responsible for the incompatibility of resultative predicates with directed motion verbs and directional phrases (*The box arrived open; *Sam tickled Chris silly off her chair). The present study presents a novel argument for (1) from certain verbal alternations (illustrated below in Hebrew) that ha ...
EL INFINITIVO Y LA FORMA EN –ING: SUS USOS 1.
... In this point we will pay attention to the –ing form of the verb which can act as a gerund or as a present participle. 3.1.- The gerund The gerund may exhibit all the syntactic properties of a noun and a verb. The syntactic properties of a noun are the following ones: a) It may have a plural with –s ...
... In this point we will pay attention to the –ing form of the verb which can act as a gerund or as a present participle. 3.1.- The gerund The gerund may exhibit all the syntactic properties of a noun and a verb. The syntactic properties of a noun are the following ones: a) It may have a plural with –s ...
Keystone Exams: English Composition Glossary to the Assessment
... Not only choosing the correct word to use (e.g., effect/affect) but also choosing words thoughtfully to create tone and style that reveal the writer’s voice. ...
... Not only choosing the correct word to use (e.g., effect/affect) but also choosing words thoughtfully to create tone and style that reveal the writer’s voice. ...
Verbals Gerunds A gerund ends in -ing and can be used as a noun
... Verbals or verb-based words and phrases are helpful to include in your writing. Learning to use gerunds, participial phrases, and infinitives is an important aspect of becoming a good writer. You must be able to tell the difference between verbs and verbals! ...
... Verbals or verb-based words and phrases are helpful to include in your writing. Learning to use gerunds, participial phrases, and infinitives is an important aspect of becoming a good writer. You must be able to tell the difference between verbs and verbals! ...
9. LING 103 2016 Morphology 2
... Notice a fundamental difference between morphemes: engine + -eer engine is a free morpheme. It can be used as an independent word form -eer is a bound morpheme. It must be attached to other morphemes to be meaningful All morphemes are either free or bound. ...
... Notice a fundamental difference between morphemes: engine + -eer engine is a free morpheme. It can be used as an independent word form -eer is a bound morpheme. It must be attached to other morphemes to be meaningful All morphemes are either free or bound. ...
The Akan Phrasal Verb as a Syntactic Manifestation
... adjuncts such as “fie” (home), as in “d bra fie” (weed approaching home). These are, however, different from phrasal verb basically because they do not use position elements as integral elements of the structure. Again, they do not have the idiomaticity associated with phrasal verbs. Other researche ...
... adjuncts such as “fie” (home), as in “d bra fie” (weed approaching home). These are, however, different from phrasal verb basically because they do not use position elements as integral elements of the structure. Again, they do not have the idiomaticity associated with phrasal verbs. Other researche ...
Subjects and verbs in sentences
... thing doing something or being described. The verb is an action word like run or sing, or a word like am, is, or are that links the subject to a description. Mrs. Pérez is my Spanish teacher. She is from Florida. We like her very much. English sentences always have a subject. The subject can be a no ...
... thing doing something or being described. The verb is an action word like run or sing, or a word like am, is, or are that links the subject to a description. Mrs. Pérez is my Spanish teacher. She is from Florida. We like her very much. English sentences always have a subject. The subject can be a no ...
3B-Gerunds and Infinitives as direct objects - Ms. Keehu
... She started losing weight She started to lose weight. ...
... She started losing weight She started to lose weight. ...
Lexical semantics
Lexical semantics (also known as lexicosemantics), is a subfield of linguistic semantics. The units of analysis in lexical semantics are lexical units which include not only words but also sub-words or sub-units such as affixes and even compound words and phrases. Lexical units make up the catalogue of words in a language, the lexicon. Lexical semantics looks at how the meaning of the lexical units correlates with the structure of the language or syntax. This is referred to as syntax-semantic interface.The study of lexical semantics looks at: the classification and decomposition of lexical items the differences and similarities in lexical semantic structure cross-linguistically the relationship of lexical meaning to sentence meaning and syntax.Lexical units, also referred to as syntactic atoms, can stand alone such as in the case of root words or parts of compound words or they necessarily attach to other units such as prefixes and suffixes do. The former are called free morphemes and the latter bound morphemes. They fall into a narrow range of meanings (semantic fields) and can combine with each other to generate new meanings.