AQA - Rev Checklist PHY
... dangers of their emissions Radioactive substances emit radiation from the nuclei of their atoms all the time. These nuclear radiations can be very useful but may also be very dangerous. It is important to understand the properties of different types of nuclear radiation. To understand what happens ...
... dangers of their emissions Radioactive substances emit radiation from the nuclei of their atoms all the time. These nuclear radiations can be very useful but may also be very dangerous. It is important to understand the properties of different types of nuclear radiation. To understand what happens ...
Physics 30 Outline - Mr. Janzen`s School Stuff
... subject to consequences outlined in “absences”. d) Where students are late by virtue of their bus, they are asked to report directly to the main office so that it can be recorded as and “excused” late. e) II. ...
... subject to consequences outlined in “absences”. d) Where students are late by virtue of their bus, they are asked to report directly to the main office so that it can be recorded as and “excused” late. e) II. ...
General Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation
... Since atoms have electronic energy levels, absorption or emission involves transitions between discrete states with no other possibilities. Such transitions will only result in line spectra. However, since molecular species contain vibrational and rotational energy levels associated with electronic ...
... Since atoms have electronic energy levels, absorption or emission involves transitions between discrete states with no other possibilities. Such transitions will only result in line spectra. However, since molecular species contain vibrational and rotational energy levels associated with electronic ...
General Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation
... Since atoms have electronic energy levels, absorption or emission involves transitions between discrete states with no other possibilities. Such transitions will only result in line spectra. However, since molecular species contain vibrational and rotational energy levels associated with electronic ...
... Since atoms have electronic energy levels, absorption or emission involves transitions between discrete states with no other possibilities. Such transitions will only result in line spectra. However, since molecular species contain vibrational and rotational energy levels associated with electronic ...
principles1.bak - UCL Department of Geography
... • Provide basis for understanding type of information that can be (usefully) retrieved via Earth observation (EO) • Why we choose given regions of the EM spectrum in which to make measurements ...
... • Provide basis for understanding type of information that can be (usefully) retrieved via Earth observation (EO) • Why we choose given regions of the EM spectrum in which to make measurements ...
principles1 - UCL Department of Geography
... • Provide basis for understanding type of information that can be (usefully) retrieved via Earth observation (EO) • Why we choose given regions of the EM spectrum in which to make measurements ...
... • Provide basis for understanding type of information that can be (usefully) retrieved via Earth observation (EO) • Why we choose given regions of the EM spectrum in which to make measurements ...
General Properties of Electromagnetic Radiation
... Since atoms have electronic energy levels, absorption or emission involves transitions between discrete states with no other possibilities. Such transitions will only result in line spectra. However, since molecular species contain vibrational and rotational energy levels associated with electronic ...
... Since atoms have electronic energy levels, absorption or emission involves transitions between discrete states with no other possibilities. Such transitions will only result in line spectra. However, since molecular species contain vibrational and rotational energy levels associated with electronic ...
The nature of electromagnetic radiation. 1. Basic introduction to
... NOTE: Scattering can be thought of as absorption of radiant energy followed by reemission back to the electromagnetic field with negligible conversion of energy. Thus, scattering can remove radiant energy of a light beam traveling in one direction, but can be a “source” of radiant energy for the lig ...
... NOTE: Scattering can be thought of as absorption of radiant energy followed by reemission back to the electromagnetic field with negligible conversion of energy. Thus, scattering can remove radiant energy of a light beam traveling in one direction, but can be a “source” of radiant energy for the lig ...
AT622 Section 1 Electromagnetic Radiation
... where λ is the wavelength of the wave. It is a count of the number of wave crests or troughs that pass a point in a given unit of time. For example, red light with a wavelength of 0.7 micrometers (μm) corresponds to a frequency of 4.3 x 1014 oscillations per second, while violet light, at 0.4 μm, co ...
... where λ is the wavelength of the wave. It is a count of the number of wave crests or troughs that pass a point in a given unit of time. For example, red light with a wavelength of 0.7 micrometers (μm) corresponds to a frequency of 4.3 x 1014 oscillations per second, while violet light, at 0.4 μm, co ...
Flux, Intensity, Brilliance and all those extremely
... radiation on axis, where the second term is zero. The second term increases with angle to unity at large angles; thus the vertically polarized radiation has a maximum at some angle, and at large angles the vertical and horizontal components have the same magnitude! In general, the radiation is ellip ...
... radiation on axis, where the second term is zero. The second term increases with angle to unity at large angles; thus the vertically polarized radiation has a maximum at some angle, and at large angles the vertical and horizontal components have the same magnitude! In general, the radiation is ellip ...
L37 - University of Iowa Physics
... gas filled metal cylinder with a wire down the center the ray ionizes the gas, and the resulting electrons are collected by the center + wire, the result is a pulse (BLIP) of current ...
... gas filled metal cylinder with a wire down the center the ray ionizes the gas, and the resulting electrons are collected by the center + wire, the result is a pulse (BLIP) of current ...
RFSS and NFSS: Lecture 2Nuclear Properties
... • 2nd Term: Surface Energy Nucleons at surface of nucleus have unsaturated forces decreasing importance with increasing nuclear size • 3rd and 4thTerms: Coulomb Energy 3rd term represents the electrostatic energy that arises from the Coulomb repulsion between the protons lowers binding energy ...
... • 2nd Term: Surface Energy Nucleons at surface of nucleus have unsaturated forces decreasing importance with increasing nuclear size • 3rd and 4thTerms: Coulomb Energy 3rd term represents the electrostatic energy that arises from the Coulomb repulsion between the protons lowers binding energy ...
Nuclear and Radiation Section - University of Toronto Physics
... where r0 ≈ 1.2 x 10-15 m. (10-15 m is defined as one fermi after the famous Italian physicist; it is also one femtometre. Both have the abbreviation fm). This is an astonishingly small number in comparison to the radius of the atom of about 10-10 m. Since nuclei hold together, in spite of the Coulom ...
... where r0 ≈ 1.2 x 10-15 m. (10-15 m is defined as one fermi after the famous Italian physicist; it is also one femtometre. Both have the abbreviation fm). This is an astonishingly small number in comparison to the radius of the atom of about 10-10 m. Since nuclei hold together, in spite of the Coulom ...
The problem of spherically symmetric electromagnetic radiation
... radiation exists yields a contradiction, because for any spherical radiation, the longitudinal field component B r together with its derivative with respect to the time, vanishes identically.7 This result completes the proof that a genuine spherically symmetric electromagnetic radiation cannot exist ...
... radiation exists yields a contradiction, because for any spherical radiation, the longitudinal field component B r together with its derivative with respect to the time, vanishes identically.7 This result completes the proof that a genuine spherically symmetric electromagnetic radiation cannot exist ...
Applications of gamma spectrometry
... bands (because of crossing) → high number of transitions with small intensity – „quasicontinuum“ 3) Regular structure of rotational bands ~ 1MeV above Yrast line → sufficient intensity → observation of single transitions Yrast line – connects states with the highest spin for given energy ...
... bands (because of crossing) → high number of transitions with small intensity – „quasicontinuum“ 3) Regular structure of rotational bands ~ 1MeV above Yrast line → sufficient intensity → observation of single transitions Yrast line – connects states with the highest spin for given energy ...
Week 13 - Electromagnetic Waves
... they start to oscillate, i.e. they produce a current. For the charges to be able to move significantly they must have some space to move on. Therefore the vertical antennas indicate that the electromagnetic waves are vertically polarized so the electric field in the wave is able to do work on those ...
... they start to oscillate, i.e. they produce a current. For the charges to be able to move significantly they must have some space to move on. Therefore the vertical antennas indicate that the electromagnetic waves are vertically polarized so the electric field in the wave is able to do work on those ...
22-3 Energy, Momentum and Radiation Pressure
... energy carried by the wave divided by the speed of light. If an EM wave is absorbed by an object, or it reflects from an object, the wave will transfer momentum to the object. The longer the wave is incident on the object, the more momentum is transferred. This time dependence complicates matters, t ...
... energy carried by the wave divided by the speed of light. If an EM wave is absorbed by an object, or it reflects from an object, the wave will transfer momentum to the object. The longer the wave is incident on the object, the more momentum is transferred. This time dependence complicates matters, t ...
10380 radioactivity - The Described and Captioned Media Program
... emission of particles or rays from the nucleus of a radioactive element. Not all nuclei decay spontaneously and so some, therefore, are stable. Others, however, are unstable. There are common types of radioactive emissions such as alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Each of these has a particul ...
... emission of particles or rays from the nucleus of a radioactive element. Not all nuclei decay spontaneously and so some, therefore, are stable. Others, however, are unstable. There are common types of radioactive emissions such as alpha and beta particles and gamma rays. Each of these has a particul ...
U - Earth and Environmental Sciences
... neutrons are envisioned as filling energy levels in a manner that maximizes the overall stability of the nucleus given the available nucleons. Some nuclei are more stable than others, and some are not stable at all. Consideration of the nucleus requires recognition of forces that we have not discuss ...
... neutrons are envisioned as filling energy levels in a manner that maximizes the overall stability of the nucleus given the available nucleons. Some nuclei are more stable than others, and some are not stable at all. Consideration of the nucleus requires recognition of forces that we have not discuss ...
Electromagnetic waves Demonstrations
... The EM Spectrum Gamma rays: λ~ 10-14- 10-10 m Source: radioactive nuclei cause serious damage to living tissues X-rays: ~10-12 -10-8 m source: deceleration of high-energy electrons striking a metal target Diagnostic tool in medicine UV λ~ 6 x 10-10 - 4 x 10-7 m Most UV light from the sun is absorbed ...
... The EM Spectrum Gamma rays: λ~ 10-14- 10-10 m Source: radioactive nuclei cause serious damage to living tissues X-rays: ~10-12 -10-8 m source: deceleration of high-energy electrons striking a metal target Diagnostic tool in medicine UV λ~ 6 x 10-10 - 4 x 10-7 m Most UV light from the sun is absorbed ...
photoelectric effect
... used to release it from the surface (i.e. to overcome the force of attraction between the electrons and the metal ions) and the rest of the energy is the kinetic energy of the electron as it leaves the metal. ...
... used to release it from the surface (i.e. to overcome the force of attraction between the electrons and the metal ions) and the rest of the energy is the kinetic energy of the electron as it leaves the metal. ...
Analysis of Experimental Results on Excess Heat Power Production, Impurity Nuclides... Cathode Material and Penetrating Radiation in Experiments with High-Current Glow Discharge International Conference on Cold Fusion
... 2. Non-resilient processes of deuterium ions collision with the crystal lattice ions (Pd4+ ions for Palladium). Under these conditions the electron frame is displaced relative to nucleus and a dipole or optic polar phonon is formed. The initial optic polar phonons frequency is ωορ = 2π·×ν, where ν = ...
... 2. Non-resilient processes of deuterium ions collision with the crystal lattice ions (Pd4+ ions for Palladium). Under these conditions the electron frame is displaced relative to nucleus and a dipole or optic polar phonon is formed. The initial optic polar phonons frequency is ωορ = 2π·×ν, where ν = ...
CHAPTER 3: The Experimental Basis of Quantum Theory
... beam and are accelerated by potential differences of thousands of volts until they impinge on a metal anode surface, producing x rays by bremsstrahlung as they stop in the anode material. ...
... beam and are accelerated by potential differences of thousands of volts until they impinge on a metal anode surface, producing x rays by bremsstrahlung as they stop in the anode material. ...
Here`s
... Is energy being transported from the air INTO the dry ice or AWAY FROM the dry ice & into the air? (hint: the visible cloud is not carbon dioxide gas) ...
... Is energy being transported from the air INTO the dry ice or AWAY FROM the dry ice & into the air? (hint: the visible cloud is not carbon dioxide gas) ...
Energy Flux - Purdue Physics
... In the vicinity of the Earth, the energy intensity of radiation emitted by the sun is ~1400 W/m2. What is the approximate magnitude of the electric field in the sunlight? ...
... In the vicinity of the Earth, the energy intensity of radiation emitted by the sun is ~1400 W/m2. What is the approximate magnitude of the electric field in the sunlight? ...
Effects of nuclear explosions
The energy released from a nuclear weapon detonated in the troposphere can be divided into four basic categories: Blast—40–50% of total energy Thermal radiation—30–50% of total energy Ionizing radiation—5% of total energy (more in a neutron bomb) Residual radiation—5–10% of total energy with the mass of the explosionHowever, depending on the design of the weapon and the environment in which it is detonated the energy distributed to these categories can be increased or decreased. The blast effect is created by the coupling of immense amounts of energy, spanning the electromagnetic spectrum, with the surroundings. Locations such as submarine, surface, air burst, or exo-atmospheric determine how much energy is produced as blast and how much as radiation. In general, denser media around the bomb, like water, absorb more energy, and create more powerful shockwaves while at the same time limiting the area of its effect.When an air burst occurs lethal blast and thermal effects proportionally scale much more rapidly than lethal radiation effects, as higher and higher yield nuclear weapons are used.The physical-damage mechanisms of a nuclear weapon (blast and thermal radiation) are identical to those of conventional explosives. However, the energy produced by a nuclear explosive is millions of times more powerful per gram and the temperatures reached are briefly in the tens of millions of degrees.Energy from a nuclear explosive is initially released in several forms of penetrating radiation. When there is a surrounding material such as air, rock, or water, this radiation interacts with and rapidly heats it to an equilibrium temperature (i.e. so that the matter is at the same temperature as the atomic bomb's matter). This causes vaporization of surrounding material resulting in its rapid expansion. Kinetic energy created by this expansion contributes to the formation of a shockwave. When a nuclear detonation occurs in air near sea level, much of the released energy interacts with the atmosphere and creates a shockwave which expands spherically from the hypocenter. Intense thermal radiation at the hypocenter forms a nuclear fireball and if the burst is low enough, it is often associated mushroom cloud. In a burst at high altitudes, where the air density is low, more energy is released as ionizing gamma radiation and x-rays than an atmosphere-displacing shockwave.In 1942 there was some initial speculation among the scientists developing the first nuclear weapons that there might be a possibility of igniting the Earth's atmosphere with a large enough nuclear explosion. This would concern a nuclear reaction of two nitrogen atoms forming a carbon and an oxygen atom, with release of energy. This energy would heat up the remaining nitrogen enough to keep the reaction going until all nitrogen atoms were consumed. Hans Bethe was assigned the task of studying whether there was a possibility in the very early days, and concluded there was no possibility due to inverse Compton effect cooling of the fireball. Richard Hamming, a mathematician, was asked to make a similar calculation just before Trinity, with the same result. Nevertheless, the notion has persisted as a rumor for many years, and was the source of black humor at the Trinity test.