Lattice dynamics in antimony and tellurium based phase
... of phonon spectroscopy and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The feasibility of nuclear forward scattering by the 68.7 keV nuclear resonance of 73 Ge was demonstrated and its suitability for the study of condensed matter was characterized. The Ge specific lattice dynamics are easily accessed in terms of the L ...
... of phonon spectroscopy and Mössbauer spectroscopy. The feasibility of nuclear forward scattering by the 68.7 keV nuclear resonance of 73 Ge was demonstrated and its suitability for the study of condensed matter was characterized. The Ge specific lattice dynamics are easily accessed in terms of the L ...
From the Discovery of Radioactivity to the First Accelerator
... The article reviews the historical phases of cosmic ray research from the very beginning around 1900 until the 1940s, when the first particle accelerators replaced cosmic particles as a source for elementary particle interactions. Contrary to the discovery of X-rays or the ionising α-, β- and γ -ray ...
... The article reviews the historical phases of cosmic ray research from the very beginning around 1900 until the 1940s, when the first particle accelerators replaced cosmic particles as a source for elementary particle interactions. Contrary to the discovery of X-rays or the ionising α-, β- and γ -ray ...
REVIEW OF CONCEPTS, QUANTITIES, UNITS AND
... refers to electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths exceeding 100 nm, equivalent to quantum energies below 12 eV, i.e., encompassing the spectrum which includes all radiation sources whose frequencies are equal to or less than those of the near ultraviolet. For the purpose of practical radiation pr ...
... refers to electromagnetic radiation with wavelengths exceeding 100 nm, equivalent to quantum energies below 12 eV, i.e., encompassing the spectrum which includes all radiation sources whose frequencies are equal to or less than those of the near ultraviolet. For the purpose of practical radiation pr ...
Radiation Pressure of a Monochromatic Plane Wave on a Flat Mirror
... to inelastic collisions at frequency f = 1/τ of the conduction electrons with the lattice of metallic ions. If the effect of a collision is to reset electron’s momentum mẋ to zero, then for frequencies such that ωτ < 1 this discrete momentum change can be represented by a velocity-dependent friction ...
... to inelastic collisions at frequency f = 1/τ of the conduction electrons with the lattice of metallic ions. If the effect of a collision is to reset electron’s momentum mẋ to zero, then for frequencies such that ωτ < 1 this discrete momentum change can be represented by a velocity-dependent friction ...
14 International Conference on Condensed Matter Nuclear Science Cold Fusion
... technical, procedural and other problems burdened the field from the outset. Currently, imperfect reproducibility, lack of a complete theory, inadequate funding, limited communications and problems with securing patents still challenge what is an intrinsically interdisciplinary and actually quite co ...
... technical, procedural and other problems burdened the field from the outset. Currently, imperfect reproducibility, lack of a complete theory, inadequate funding, limited communications and problems with securing patents still challenge what is an intrinsically interdisciplinary and actually quite co ...
Energy and the Conservation of Energy
... which work quite well. They can explore the rate at which energy is used: a one-minute charge of the battery via solar cell will run a flashlight for several seconds but will run a clock for quite a bit longer. ...
... which work quite well. They can explore the rate at which energy is used: a one-minute charge of the battery via solar cell will run a flashlight for several seconds but will run a clock for quite a bit longer. ...
I. Celanovic, D.J. Perreault, and J.G. Kassakian, “Resonant-Cavity Enhanced Thermal Emission,” Physical Review – B , Vol. 72, No. 075127, August 2005, pp. 1-6.
... PhC, acting as the top mirror, is made out of alternating quarter-wave layers of Si and SiO2 where dH = 0.17 m and dL = 0.39 m are layer thicknesses, respectively. For the time being both Si and SiO2 are considered lossless dielectrics with refractive indices of nH = 3.34 and nH = 1.45, respective ...
... PhC, acting as the top mirror, is made out of alternating quarter-wave layers of Si and SiO2 where dH = 0.17 m and dL = 0.39 m are layer thicknesses, respectively. For the time being both Si and SiO2 are considered lossless dielectrics with refractive indices of nH = 3.34 and nH = 1.45, respective ...
Ionizing Radiation in Earth`s Atmosphere and in Space Near Earth
... during its active phase there is an increased emission of the solar wind and occasional eruptions of high-energy particles (coronal mass ejections). Other sources of ionizing radiation during air travel include radioactive cargo, radioactive substances released into the atmosphere as a result of a n ...
... during its active phase there is an increased emission of the solar wind and occasional eruptions of high-energy particles (coronal mass ejections). Other sources of ionizing radiation during air travel include radioactive cargo, radioactive substances released into the atmosphere as a result of a n ...
Guide to Modeling Earth`s Trapped Radiation Environment
... Increasing concerns over trapped radiation effects on microelectronics, coupled with the availability of new data, long-term changes in the Earth’s magnetic field, and variations in the trapped radiation fluxes, have generated the need for better, more comprehensive tools for modeling the Earth’s tr ...
... Increasing concerns over trapped radiation effects on microelectronics, coupled with the availability of new data, long-term changes in the Earth’s magnetic field, and variations in the trapped radiation fluxes, have generated the need for better, more comprehensive tools for modeling the Earth’s tr ...
10371003
... design on single channel beta-gamma coincidence detection of radioactive xenon using digital pulse shape analysis of phoswich detector signals [4]. From this scientific information on the use of FPGA based system; the proposed system was focused on a new technology applied in Nuclear Counting System ...
... design on single channel beta-gamma coincidence detection of radioactive xenon using digital pulse shape analysis of phoswich detector signals [4]. From this scientific information on the use of FPGA based system; the proposed system was focused on a new technology applied in Nuclear Counting System ...
Nuclear Physics - Thierry Karsenti
... Evaluate your preparedness to take the module on thermal physics. If you score greater than or equal to 60 out of 75, you are ready to use this module. If you score something between 40 and 60 you may need to revise your school physics on topics of heat. A score less than 40 out of 75 indicates you ...
... Evaluate your preparedness to take the module on thermal physics. If you score greater than or equal to 60 out of 75, you are ready to use this module. If you score something between 40 and 60 you may need to revise your school physics on topics of heat. A score less than 40 out of 75 indicates you ...
Utilization of Thermal Neutrons
... associated electronics and a computer-based multi-channel analyser. Typical semiconductor detector is HPGe (intrinsic germanium) which operates at liquid nitrogen temperatures (77 degrees K) by mounting the germanium crystal in a vacuum cryostat, thermally connected to a copper rod. Most frequently ...
... associated electronics and a computer-based multi-channel analyser. Typical semiconductor detector is HPGe (intrinsic germanium) which operates at liquid nitrogen temperatures (77 degrees K) by mounting the germanium crystal in a vacuum cryostat, thermally connected to a copper rod. Most frequently ...
Developing a test procedure for neutron detection/non detection
... designed for track directions like in figure 7a. However, for the experiments performed as part of this report, there is no preferred direction, which means that the track information can not be read out with optimal pad geometry. ...
... designed for track directions like in figure 7a. However, for the experiments performed as part of this report, there is no preferred direction, which means that the track information can not be read out with optimal pad geometry. ...
Il`ja M. Frank - Nobel Lecture
... may be set up not only by an electric charge, but by any source of light, moving in a refractive mediums. Such a general approach to the problem, involving, notably, the Vavilov-cerenkov effect, is of interest now not only from the viewpoint of principle. It may be hoped that some phenomena of this ...
... may be set up not only by an electric charge, but by any source of light, moving in a refractive mediums. Such a general approach to the problem, involving, notably, the Vavilov-cerenkov effect, is of interest now not only from the viewpoint of principle. It may be hoped that some phenomena of this ...
nuclear physics - Thierry Karsenti
... are concepts dealt in the first activity. Most atoms found in nature are stable and do not emit particles or energy that change form over time. Heavy elements, such as uranium or thorium, and their decay chain elements do not have stable nuclei. They emit radiation in their naturally occurring state ...
... are concepts dealt in the first activity. Most atoms found in nature are stable and do not emit particles or energy that change form over time. Heavy elements, such as uranium or thorium, and their decay chain elements do not have stable nuclei. They emit radiation in their naturally occurring state ...
Mathematical Physics of BlackBody Radiation
... Descartes believed that the interaction soul-body took place in the little pineal gland in the center of the brain. Modern neurobiology does not give much support to Descartes’ idea but has not really any better theory and so the mystery of how soul and body interact remains to be resolved. What doe ...
... Descartes believed that the interaction soul-body took place in the little pineal gland in the center of the brain. Modern neurobiology does not give much support to Descartes’ idea but has not really any better theory and so the mystery of how soul and body interact remains to be resolved. What doe ...
On Radiation by Electrons in a Betatron† v·
... the fields emitted by the electrons at various points of the circular path interfere destructively and thus suppress the radiation. The same objection to the individual action of the electron is raised, with opposite effect, concerning the radiative loss of energy by a “pulse” of electrons, which tr ...
... the fields emitted by the electrons at various points of the circular path interfere destructively and thus suppress the radiation. The same objection to the individual action of the electron is raised, with opposite effect, concerning the radiative loss of energy by a “pulse” of electrons, which tr ...
Sample pages 1 PDF
... As it was stated in the previous text, Fig. 2.2 indicates that the force between nuclei is repulsive until a very small distance separates them, and then it rapidly becomes very attractive. Therefore, in order to surmount the Coulomb barrier and bring the nuclei close together where the strong attra ...
... As it was stated in the previous text, Fig. 2.2 indicates that the force between nuclei is repulsive until a very small distance separates them, and then it rapidly becomes very attractive. Therefore, in order to surmount the Coulomb barrier and bring the nuclei close together where the strong attra ...
Coherent Optical Photons from Shock Waves in Crystals * Marin Soljacˇic´,
... extremely small since far more energy is required to physically compress the material than to produce the radiation. The emission peaks studied in this work have frequencies that are up to 2 times higher than phonon frequencies. Observation of these peaks requires that there be spectral components o ...
... extremely small since far more energy is required to physically compress the material than to produce the radiation. The emission peaks studied in this work have frequencies that are up to 2 times higher than phonon frequencies. Observation of these peaks requires that there be spectral components o ...
physics/0610030 PDF
... quite significant in clouds, where concentration of gas is 104 to 105 times higher. The smaller clouds of elevated gas density within the local cavity [8] also can cause some transient elevations of radiation dose and drag force. Regarding the cosmic dust, two mechanical effects are anticipated: a) ...
... quite significant in clouds, where concentration of gas is 104 to 105 times higher. The smaller clouds of elevated gas density within the local cavity [8] also can cause some transient elevations of radiation dose and drag force. Regarding the cosmic dust, two mechanical effects are anticipated: a) ...
Biophysics test questions
... are dim light rays of green color. are produced by fluorescence. ✓ are invisible electromagnetic radiations. can be focused by metallic mirrors. have a wavelength of a few hundred nanometers. 55. X-rays can have a wavelength in the range of ✓ 1 Å (10-10 m). 100 nm. 1 μm. 1 mm. 1 cm. 1 m. 56. X-ray d ...
... are dim light rays of green color. are produced by fluorescence. ✓ are invisible electromagnetic radiations. can be focused by metallic mirrors. have a wavelength of a few hundred nanometers. 55. X-rays can have a wavelength in the range of ✓ 1 Å (10-10 m). 100 nm. 1 μm. 1 mm. 1 cm. 1 m. 56. X-ray d ...
KNIGHT Physics for Scientists and Engineers
... b e s t Rutherford soon took up the investigation and found not one but three distinct kinds of rays emitted from crystals containing uranium. Not knowing what they were, he named them for their ability to penetrate matter and ionize air. The first, which caused the most ionization and penetrated th ...
... b e s t Rutherford soon took up the investigation and found not one but three distinct kinds of rays emitted from crystals containing uranium. Not knowing what they were, he named them for their ability to penetrate matter and ionize air. The first, which caused the most ionization and penetrated th ...
–1– (AST 461) LECTURE 1: Basics of Radiation Transfer Almost all
... Thermal radiation is radiation emitted from matter in thermal equilibrium. A blackbody absorbs all incident radiation. Blackbody radiation is radiation which itself is in thermal equilibrium and in thermal equilibrium with surrounding matter. Consider a thermally insulated box kept at temp T . Iν = ...
... Thermal radiation is radiation emitted from matter in thermal equilibrium. A blackbody absorbs all incident radiation. Blackbody radiation is radiation which itself is in thermal equilibrium and in thermal equilibrium with surrounding matter. Consider a thermally insulated box kept at temp T . Iν = ...
Открыть
... Unfortunately, no. There is no such thing as a «frictionless surfacе». There is friction between all objects and materials when they are touching. To the naked eye, an object or surface may look perfectly smooth. If you looked at it under a microscope, you could see the tiny lumps and bumps that cre ...
... Unfortunately, no. There is no such thing as a «frictionless surfacе». There is friction between all objects and materials when they are touching. To the naked eye, an object or surface may look perfectly smooth. If you looked at it under a microscope, you could see the tiny lumps and bumps that cre ...
Effects of nuclear explosions
The energy released from a nuclear weapon detonated in the troposphere can be divided into four basic categories: Blast—40–50% of total energy Thermal radiation—30–50% of total energy Ionizing radiation—5% of total energy (more in a neutron bomb) Residual radiation—5–10% of total energy with the mass of the explosionHowever, depending on the design of the weapon and the environment in which it is detonated the energy distributed to these categories can be increased or decreased. The blast effect is created by the coupling of immense amounts of energy, spanning the electromagnetic spectrum, with the surroundings. Locations such as submarine, surface, air burst, or exo-atmospheric determine how much energy is produced as blast and how much as radiation. In general, denser media around the bomb, like water, absorb more energy, and create more powerful shockwaves while at the same time limiting the area of its effect.When an air burst occurs lethal blast and thermal effects proportionally scale much more rapidly than lethal radiation effects, as higher and higher yield nuclear weapons are used.The physical-damage mechanisms of a nuclear weapon (blast and thermal radiation) are identical to those of conventional explosives. However, the energy produced by a nuclear explosive is millions of times more powerful per gram and the temperatures reached are briefly in the tens of millions of degrees.Energy from a nuclear explosive is initially released in several forms of penetrating radiation. When there is a surrounding material such as air, rock, or water, this radiation interacts with and rapidly heats it to an equilibrium temperature (i.e. so that the matter is at the same temperature as the atomic bomb's matter). This causes vaporization of surrounding material resulting in its rapid expansion. Kinetic energy created by this expansion contributes to the formation of a shockwave. When a nuclear detonation occurs in air near sea level, much of the released energy interacts with the atmosphere and creates a shockwave which expands spherically from the hypocenter. Intense thermal radiation at the hypocenter forms a nuclear fireball and if the burst is low enough, it is often associated mushroom cloud. In a burst at high altitudes, where the air density is low, more energy is released as ionizing gamma radiation and x-rays than an atmosphere-displacing shockwave.In 1942 there was some initial speculation among the scientists developing the first nuclear weapons that there might be a possibility of igniting the Earth's atmosphere with a large enough nuclear explosion. This would concern a nuclear reaction of two nitrogen atoms forming a carbon and an oxygen atom, with release of energy. This energy would heat up the remaining nitrogen enough to keep the reaction going until all nitrogen atoms were consumed. Hans Bethe was assigned the task of studying whether there was a possibility in the very early days, and concluded there was no possibility due to inverse Compton effect cooling of the fireball. Richard Hamming, a mathematician, was asked to make a similar calculation just before Trinity, with the same result. Nevertheless, the notion has persisted as a rumor for many years, and was the source of black humor at the Trinity test.