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Building the PDT-Vallex valency lexicon
Building the PDT-Vallex valency lexicon

... free modifications (adjuncts). The other axis relates to the distinction between obligatory and optional complementations. There are five “inner participants” (arguments): Actor/Bearer (ACT), Patient (PAT), Addressee (ADDR), Origin (ORIG) and Effect (EFF). Which functors are arguments have been dete ...
The syntactic analysis of the Dutch absentive
The syntactic analysis of the Dutch absentive

... the order zijn–infinitive on the internet for, e.g., the intransitive verbs fietsen ‘to cycle’, logeren ‘to stay’, sporten ‘to do sport’, wandelen ‘to walk’, werken ‘to work’, and winkelen ‘to shop’. Haslinger notes the same thing in footnote 48 on page 63 but nevertheless claims the order zijn—infi ...
The Syntax of Meteorology: The Linguistic Status of Variadic Functions
The Syntax of Meteorology: The Linguistic Status of Variadic Functions

... will believe the indefinite claim (plausibly, the two are truth-conditionally equivalent), but this will be a metaphysical inference, as it were, not one encoded linguistically (cf., Recanati, 2010, p. 89). It suffices for now if weather reports are acknowledged to be uncontroversially definite on ...
Building the PDT-VALLEX valency lexicon
Building the PDT-VALLEX valency lexicon

... free modifications (adjuncts). The other axis relates to the distinction between obligatory and optional complementations. There are five “inner participants” (arguments): Actor/Bearer (ACT), Patient (PAT), Addressee (ADDR), Origin (ORIG) and Effect (EFF). Which functors are arguments have been dete ...
A construction based analysis of child directed speech Thea Cameron-Faulkner
A construction based analysis of child directed speech Thea Cameron-Faulkner

... are many imperatives (24%) accords with results from the studies cited above. In addition the high proportion of single words and fragments (‘grammatically incomplete sentences’ = 30%, p. 29) is interesting. Other, relatively large-scale studies—for example, Newport et al. (1977), Cross (1977), Well ...
24. Bloomsbury Dictionary of New Words. M. 1996 стр.276-278
24. Bloomsbury Dictionary of New Words. M. 1996 стр.276-278

... first hand rather than from hearsay. Undergo applies chiefly to what someone or something bears or is subjected to, as in to undergo an operation, to undergo changes. Compare also the following example from L. P. Smith: The French language has undergone considerable and more recent changes since the ...
Latin Grades 9-12 - Waterford Public Schools
Latin Grades 9-12 - Waterford Public Schools

... 4. translate and decline nouns of the 1st, 2nd and 3rd declensions. ...
Puyuma clause constructions
Puyuma clause constructions

... details of which are not shown in the figure; see Croft 2001:55-56). Hence MORPH VERB is shown as the parent of each of the verbs of the major constructions. One component of MORPH VERB is agreement. If the subject in the present tense is third person singular, the verb takes -s, e.g. John sleeps, o ...
“Pale as death” or “pâle comme la mort”: Frozen similes used as
“Pale as death” or “pâle comme la mort”: Frozen similes used as

... Bethlehem, 1996). Furthermore, as can be seen from the examples (1) and (2), they often have identical patterns in different languages. The present study attempts to take advantage of the semantic and syntactic similarities of those two languages as far as their simile constructions are concerned in ...
Binomial Expressions with Reference to Du`aa as
Binomial Expressions with Reference to Du`aa as

... 4. Subdivision of one another 5. One is the consequence of the other An example of (1) is ‘death and destruction’ which is used to “add colour and emphasis to a bare statement.”. The point here is that one member of the pair includes the other. The second category is illustrated with ‘soul and spir ...
Teaching English-Japanese Dictionary Use in University Remedial
Teaching English-Japanese Dictionary Use in University Remedial

... may adopt, students inarguably need to learn basic grammar and vocabulary at the very least. Basic grammar is relatively easy to cover within a limited time. Many textbooks for university classes covering basic English grammar are available on the market (e.g., Yamada et al., 2011; Ishii et al., 200 ...
Passive in the world`s languages
Passive in the world`s languages

... will crucially refer to properties of the sentence as a whole, since they must specify the position to which the topicalized or dislocated element is moved with respect to the sentence as a whole - i.e., it is moved to the front of the sentence (or to the back in the case of right-dislocations). Con ...
Chicago
Chicago

... a vivid adjective that describes it: Orchard House was the home of Louisa May Alcott. The harvest will be bountiful after the summer rains. If a be verb makes a sentence needlessly wordy, however, consider replacing it. Often a phrase following the verb will contain a word (such as violation) that s ...
Generative Approaches to Syntactic Typology George Gibbard
Generative Approaches to Syntactic Typology George Gibbard

... show a greater-than-chance statistical tendency to fall into a few Greenbergian typologies, they also very commonly violate or mix these. And while basic underlying initial or final position of the verb is a strong predictor of other ordering phenomena, the very common SVO order is not, as it seems ...
prop-att - Semantics Archive
prop-att - Semantics Archive

... The traditional view takes that-clauses embedded under an attitude verb to stand for a certain kind of object, a proposition, which the attitude verb takes as its argument. Propositions thus serve two purposes: they are the meaning of sentences and they are the objects of propositional attitudes. Th ...
Pearson Grammar with exercises
Pearson Grammar with exercises

... A sentence is grammatical if it conforms to the way native speakers structure their language. A sentence may not always follow the usages prescribed for standard English, but it is still con­ sidered grammatical by the speakers who regularly use it. Directions: Identify the following sentences as gr ...
Sentence and Paragraph Writing
Sentence and Paragraph Writing

... textbook geared to the needs of high school and university students. While some students enter university with good basic writing skills, the authors of this textbook recognize that most students need refreshment of their knowledge of basic and varied sentence structure, spelling rules, punctuation ...
Life after PCFGs? 1 Problems with CFGs 2 CFGs and features
Life after PCFGs? 1 Problems with CFGs 2 CFGs and features

... Noun forming the NP is dogs, then the feature value for NBR would be, say, |PLU|, standing for “plural”; similarly for the verb are. By making the variable value ?X the same for both the NP and the VP, we have imposed the constraint that whatever those values turn out to be, they must be the same. ...
uniwersytet miko łaja kopernika
uniwersytet miko łaja kopernika

... – a prospective and modal category (e.g., I si a ke ‘You will do it / you must do it’); be…la gram – an intentional prospective category (e.g., M be a faa la ‘I will kill him’); naata gram – a perfect-perfective category (e.g., A naata ke ‘It (has) happened’); be naa…la gram – a future perfect and p ...
An inquiry into Whitman`s use of structural patterns in Leaves of grass.
An inquiry into Whitman`s use of structural patterns in Leaves of grass.

... parallelism, his "caesuric emphasisM achieved by the method of lining where every line is a complete unit, and his oratorical enthusiasm. Observing Whitmantsfondness for the more emphatic and spritely trochaic rhythm, Briggs pointed out that Whitman enhanced rhythm in poetry by freeing it from set p ...
1 xxx - Edmond
1 xxx - Edmond

... to other sections as needed. In some sections I suggest sample prose, but of course language X may have different patterns, requiring complete or partial rewriting. Translations of example sentences are suggestions only. xxx is used as a variable for the phonological form of a morpheme, word, etc.. ...
2 The Dative Case
2 The Dative Case

... game reads the story: “Philanthropists are people who like to help flowerpots. Some of them are very gullible and will believe every mud puddle they meet. These do-gooders will even give a refrigerator their last dime.” Although they are all grammatically correct, these sentences are not representat ...
Comic-Strip - Scholastic
Comic-Strip - Scholastic

... Problems, the cartoons on these pages use humor and narrative to give students practice in a range of critical grammar topics that are specified by national language arts standards. Topics cover parts of speech, sentence structure, using punctuation, and verb usage, as well as specialty topics such ...
Morphology vs. Syntax in Adjective Class Acquisition
Morphology vs. Syntax in Adjective Class Acquisition

... as separate features. Adjectives have a limited syntactic distribution (much more restricted than e.g. verbs), so that even this simple representation should provide relevant evidence. The second one is bigram representation, with features consisting of the POS of the word to the left of the adjecti ...
The Notion of Surface-Syntactic Relation Revisited
The Notion of Surface-Syntactic Relation Revisited

... the researcher to decide, for any pair of binary phrases of language L (and of course for the pair of corresponding constructions) whether both CAN be described by the same SSyntRel r. These criteria formulate the requirements any SSyntRel must satisfy; if r does not satisfy all of them, it has to b ...
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Serbo-Croatian grammar

Serbo-Croatian is a South Slavic language that has, like most other Slavic languages, an extensive system of inflection. This article describes exclusively the grammar of the Shtokavian dialect, which is a part of the South Slavic dialect continuum and the basis for the Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, and Serbian standard variants of Serbo-Croatian.Pronouns, nouns, adjectives, and some numerals decline (change the word ending to reflect case, i.e. grammatical category and function), whereas verbs conjugate for person and tense. As in all other Slavic languages, the basic word order is subject–verb–object (SVO); however, due to the use of declension to show sentence structure, word order is not as important as in languages that tend toward analyticity such as English or Chinese. Deviations from the standard SVO order are stylistically marked and may be employed to convey a particular emphasis, mood or overall tone, according to the intentions of the speaker or writer. Often, such deviations will sound literary, poetical, or archaic.Nouns have three grammatical genders, masculine, feminine and neuter, that correspond to a certain extent with the word ending, so that most nouns ending in -a are feminine, -o and -e neuter, and the rest mostly masculine with a small but important class of feminines. The grammatical gender of a noun affects the morphology of other parts of speech (adjectives, pronouns, and verbs) attached to it. Nouns are declined into seven cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative, locative, and instrumental.Verbs are divided into two broad classes according to their aspect, which can be either perfective (signifying a completed action) or imperfective (action is incomplete or repetitive). There are seven tenses, four of which (present, perfect, future I and II) are used in contemporary Serbo-Croatian, and the other three (aorist, imperfect and plusquamperfect) used much less frequently—the plusquamperfect is generally limited to written language and some more educated speakers, whereas the aorist and imperfect are considered stylistically marked and rather archaic. However, some non-standard dialects make considerable (and thus unmarked) use of those tenses.All Serbo-Croatian lexemes in this article are spelled in accented form in Latin alphabet, as well as in both accents (Ijekavian and Ekavian, with Ijekavian bracketed) where these differ (see Serbo-Croatian phonology.)
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