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English notes from 30/12/2010
English notes from 30/12/2010

... When the receiver of an action is more important than the doer Note: these tenses are not common in passive voice: Present perfect continuous, past perfect continuous, future continuous tense, future perfect continuous tense. ...
Eliminating Sentence Fragments
Eliminating Sentence Fragments

... A word like “after” is a clue that a dependent clause is coming. A dependent clause, as the name suggests, depends on another statement to complete the thought. “After I researched the job market” is a dependent clause. It leaves us hanging. So what happened next? Because it cannot stand on its own, ...
Download: MFL- French grammar booklet Filesize
Download: MFL- French grammar booklet Filesize

... a small blue bedroom = _______________________________________________________ a comfortable chair = _________________________________________________________ a black pen = _______________________________________________________________ a pretty girl = _______________________________________________ ...
Lectures on Functional Syntax
Lectures on Functional Syntax

... return to this in more detail in the next lecture; here I simply want to introduce one of the basic aspects of Functional analysis. Consider the concept Noun. Start with the traditional notional definition: '(word whose reference is) a person, place, or thing'. The basic problem with this is that it ...
The Grammar of Adjectives
The Grammar of Adjectives

... Adjectives!! Summary. Adjectives tell you more about nouns. In English, adjectives don't change! They are always singular (even if the noun is plural). You can use several adjectives before a noun, or you can use the adjective on its own in a phrase. There are different kinds of adjectives, and they ...
E85-1039 - Association for Computational Linguistics
E85-1039 - Association for Computational Linguistics

... Thus, in the (b) sentences a few apples, ~ and a canoe are contextually bound, standing close to a few of those one o f ...
Adjectives: Highlighting Details
Adjectives: Highlighting Details

... Participles as Adjectives A participle is not an adjective. But notice that eating can be used as an adjective, in the predicative position, in this sentence: A man eating is a man contented. Another participle singing can be used as an adjective as well. Notice that this one works in the attributiv ...
Revision of English III Grammar
Revision of English III Grammar

... using them to make a text more formal and concise). Either convert the groups of sentences below into one single sentence or shorten the long sentence using noun phrases as much as possible (together with prepositional phrases and nominal clauses). Also underline the noun phrases. An example is give ...
A CHRISTOLOGICAL READING OF THE RUIN. 1. Overview
A CHRISTOLOGICAL READING OF THE RUIN. 1. Overview

... consequently absolved of criticism. The switch from past to present occurs so suddenly that it yields the effect of a clash. Since these leaps back and forth in time are not introduced by deictic adverbs (e.g. before, afterwards, once, now etc.), with the exception of iu (32b) ‘long ago’ and þonne ( ...
printable version
printable version

... Like most of the KISS identification exercises, “Analysis” quizzes are based on a short text. The format, however, differs such that specific point values can be assigned to different parts of the text. The sentences in the text should be numbered, and the students should be given the text in a form ...
writer`s guide for engineers
writer`s guide for engineers

... This chapter focuses on three essential principles that will make your writing more readerfriendly: • According to the given-new principle(section 1.1), sentences should begin with something that has already been mentioned, or is otherwise familiar to the reader, before introducing new information. ...
Lecture 9: Grammatical Functions
Lecture 9: Grammatical Functions

... we obviously do not have access to all possible human languages, most of which are nonexistent. We can, of course, look at all the existent ones to try to determine whether they all have subjects, but here again we face a large problem of determining whether phenomena observable in one language is t ...
Grimshaw on Inversion
Grimshaw on Inversion

... For this to work there must be another constraint which interacts with the general and specific constraints. In this example this constraint is Full-Int. This rules against do-insertion. The general idea is that only elements in the input have a semantic contribution to make and the inserted do is ...
Sentence structure drills
Sentence structure drills

... complete sentences together into one sentence construction. This is another significant grammar error that suggests a student needs more work on sentence structure. Editors and instructors mark them as “FS.” A fused sentence is the same as the older term “Runon.” Grammarians no longer use this term ...
Manual for Morphological Annotation
Manual for Morphological Annotation

... property - although there are some morphological implications, lots of irregularities could be expected if it was part of the verbal paradigm. The morphological analyzer covers aspect for some verbs while lacking the information for many others. If available, the aspect is indicated in the lemma. No ...
CHAPTER 8 STEP 6: EDITING YOUR DRAFT
CHAPTER 8 STEP 6: EDITING YOUR DRAFT

... Plural subjects take plural verbs and singular subjects take singular verbs. Another way to state this rule using grammatical terms is “Subjects and verbs must agree in number.” The key to avoiding most problems in subject-verb agreement is to identify the subject of a sentence, determine whether it ...
I like eating and I like to eat O
I like eating and I like to eat O

... ften confusing for a beginner and sometimes interesting for higher levels. Both structures can be used. The initial difficulty for a beginner is that he or she tends to concentrate on the French ...
Arguments for Pseudo-Resultative Predicates
Arguments for Pseudo-Resultative Predicates

... Although pseudo-resultatives are not predicates of events like manner adverbs, another possible approach to these predicates would be to treat them as resultative adverbs. Geuder (2000) analyzes resultative adverbs with an aim towards accounting for the relation between predicates such as beautiful ...
The Finnish Accusative: Long Distance Case Assignment by ϕ
The Finnish Accusative: Long Distance Case Assignment by ϕ

... (9a) carries the n-accusative. Therefore we can, and must, distinguish syntactically DPs which bear the genitive-looking n-accusative and the sui generis genitive case; in particular, the n-accusative case cannot be said to emerge in a process in which the syntactic position of the object changes in ...
Grammar: Part I - Parts of Speech
Grammar: Part I - Parts of Speech

... That wouldn’t make sense and people hearing or reading your message would be confused. You wrote the sentence the way you did because you already know and use the basic rules of grammar. Here’s what probably happened at lightning speed in your head. First, you saw the picture, and your brain underst ...
El Primer Paso
El Primer Paso

... _____ I can describe people. _____ I can talk and write about likes and dislikes. _____ I can talk and write about a variety of activities. _____ I can talk and write about my daily routine. _____ I can talk and write about chores that need to be done. _____ I can offer to help someone. _____ I can ...
Direct Object Pronouns: Part I
Direct Object Pronouns: Part I

... Sometimes, when you try to translate literally, you run into much bigger problems: I eat it. (the soup - la sopa) I = Yo I eat = Yo como I eat it. = Yo como la. This is completely incorrect! The correct translation would be: I eat it. (the soup) La como. As you can see, directly translating sentence ...
Document
Document

... quantifier, their referent determined by the quantifier. ...
Lists
Lists

... return random.choice(articles) + ' ' + random.choice(nouns) ...
Elements Of Style FINAL
Elements Of Style FINAL

... words." (Rule 17.) "Avoid a succession of loose sentences." (Rule 18.) "In summaries, keep to one tense." (Rule 21.) Each rule or principle is followed by a short hortatory essay, and usually the exhortation is followed by, or interlarded with, examples in parallel columns — the true vs. the false, ...
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Serbo-Croatian grammar

Serbo-Croatian is a South Slavic language that has, like most other Slavic languages, an extensive system of inflection. This article describes exclusively the grammar of the Shtokavian dialect, which is a part of the South Slavic dialect continuum and the basis for the Bosnian, Croatian, Montenegrin, and Serbian standard variants of Serbo-Croatian.Pronouns, nouns, adjectives, and some numerals decline (change the word ending to reflect case, i.e. grammatical category and function), whereas verbs conjugate for person and tense. As in all other Slavic languages, the basic word order is subject–verb–object (SVO); however, due to the use of declension to show sentence structure, word order is not as important as in languages that tend toward analyticity such as English or Chinese. Deviations from the standard SVO order are stylistically marked and may be employed to convey a particular emphasis, mood or overall tone, according to the intentions of the speaker or writer. Often, such deviations will sound literary, poetical, or archaic.Nouns have three grammatical genders, masculine, feminine and neuter, that correspond to a certain extent with the word ending, so that most nouns ending in -a are feminine, -o and -e neuter, and the rest mostly masculine with a small but important class of feminines. The grammatical gender of a noun affects the morphology of other parts of speech (adjectives, pronouns, and verbs) attached to it. Nouns are declined into seven cases: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, vocative, locative, and instrumental.Verbs are divided into two broad classes according to their aspect, which can be either perfective (signifying a completed action) or imperfective (action is incomplete or repetitive). There are seven tenses, four of which (present, perfect, future I and II) are used in contemporary Serbo-Croatian, and the other three (aorist, imperfect and plusquamperfect) used much less frequently—the plusquamperfect is generally limited to written language and some more educated speakers, whereas the aorist and imperfect are considered stylistically marked and rather archaic. However, some non-standard dialects make considerable (and thus unmarked) use of those tenses.All Serbo-Croatian lexemes in this article are spelled in accented form in Latin alphabet, as well as in both accents (Ijekavian and Ekavian, with Ijekavian bracketed) where these differ (see Serbo-Croatian phonology.)
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