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... –santsa, -mashi). There are at least twelve class terms, mostly plant-based, e.g. –chee ‘thorn’, -paNki ‘plank’, etc. and ten classifiers. Most of the classifiers occur only with nouns while a few have been attested with verbs. Possession is morphologically expressed on two groups of nouns: obligato ...
Word Analysis and Vocabulary Skills
Word Analysis and Vocabulary Skills

... word (adjective) • Identifies a word that means the same thing as a given word (verbs)* • Identifies a word that means the opposite of a given word (adjectives) • Identifies a word that means the opposite of a given word (prepositions) • Uses context to determine the meaning of a prefix (in-) • Sele ...
Armenian. Modern Eastern Armenian
Armenian. Modern Eastern Armenian

... Demonstrative pronouns have a three-term system paralleling the three persons. The verb distinguishes a present and an aorist stem, tenses other than the ­aorist being formed analytically by means of a participle and an auxiliary. Of the two perfective past tenses the aorist encodes witnessed events ...
1 Articles and one, a little/a few, this, that
1 Articles and one, a little/a few, this, that

... He had them all dancing. (He taught/persuaded them all to dance.) I have them all talking to each other. (I encourage/persuade them all to talk to each other.) It can be used in the interrogative: Will you really have her driving in three days? but is not often used in the negative. B If you give al ...
PowerPoint 簡報
PowerPoint 簡報

... In some cases, the article a(n) appears to be the same as the word one: Our class meets five times a week (five times in one week). He lost a hundred dollars (lost one hundred dollars). She earns $25,000 a year ($25,000 for one year). However, a(n) is not identical to one in some cases: He used a pi ...
ENG421 - National Open University of Nigeria
ENG421 - National Open University of Nigeria

... derivation and economy of representation. Economy of derivation as a principle states that movements (i.e. transformations) are feature-driven. This means that they are informed by the feature composition of the items involved in the transformation. You will learn more on the notion “features” later ...
The Syntax of French
The Syntax of French

... international organisations like the United Nations (14% of speeches delivered to the General Assembly in 2001) and the European Union (30% of original documents produced by the European Commission), French is second only to English. Nevertheless, official circles are clearly concerned at the potent ...
DesCartes (Combined) Subject: Reading Goal: Determine Meaning
DesCartes (Combined) Subject: Reading Goal: Determine Meaning

... Identifies words with the same short vowel sound* Identifies words that rhyme (one syllable) Determines the number of words in a sentence Distinguishes among words that look similar* Identifies words that fit into a given word family (i.e., sharing a common phonic element) Uses syntax to choose the ...
1844
1844

... which they ought to be classed, is a most difficult, but, at the same time, a neeessary task. Where this has not been accomplished, the native character can never be duly estimated-his answers and enquiries are often misunderstood; his intentions misrepresented; and the real state of his mind can be ...
CONTENTS
CONTENTS

... 6) Adverbs and adverbial phrases, as in: Quick! Soft! Quietly! Her! Back! Forward! 7) Adjectives: Next! 8) Numerals: One, two, three! Two, please! 9) The negative "No", e.g. No! No! In terms of function, grammatically complete sentence-patterns are immensely varied. Which different functions are ful ...
1 What is Paradigm Function Morphology?
1 What is Paradigm Function Morphology?

... morphosyntactic properties that distinguish them; an example of this sort from Icelandic is the syncretism of KALLA, {ind pst 2sg} and KALLA, {sbjv pst 2sg}. In other instances, L, σ′ is parasitic on cell L, σ in that it takes on a realization that the rules of exponence supply for L, σ bu ...
Valence Creation and the German Applicative
Valence Creation and the German Applicative

... prepositional phrase. Brinkmann (1997: 84-5) points to several verb classes in which such alternations can be found, including verbs of active perception, verbs of speech, and verbs of emotional expression. Pairs exemplifying alternations in each class are, respectively, riechen an/beriechen 'sniff ...
Amis Noun Phrase Structures:
Amis Noun Phrase Structures:

... This paper investigates Amis noun phrases that contain a modifying structure functionally equivalent to the so-called attributive adjectives and relative clauses within the framework of Role and Reference Grammar (RRG, Van Valin and LaPolla 1997). It is found that these two types of modifier are bot ...
The Write Stuff
The Write Stuff

... readers’ attention in the first five to ten seconds, their attention will drift. To grab your readers’ attention and make them want to continue: 1. Make a point up front. Tell the reader what your message is about in the opening line. 2. State the good news. Tell readers what they want to hear most. ...
Introductory Linguistics
Introductory Linguistics

... (20) [We consulted two detectives in order [ to find out about each other]S]S (21) [They seem to us [to like each other]S]S These sentences are mysterious: it looks like there is no noun phrase at all that occurs inside the smallest clause containing each other (other than each other itself). But co ...
A Writer`s Reference
A Writer`s Reference

... 3. You are John Pell, engaged to marry Sophia Ju. In a note to Sophia's parents, you have written, "Thank you for giving Sophia and myself such a generous contribution toward our honeymoon." You wonder if you should write "Sophia and I" or "Sophia and me." What does A Writer's Reference say? 4. You ...
lexical and structural ambiguity in humorous headlines
lexical and structural ambiguity in humorous headlines

... context" (Giora, 2003: 44). However, the way these lexical meanings are activated and the time at which they are accessed during sentence processing are subjects of debate and have engendered a series of opposing or sometimes partially overlapping theories. For example, one of the first distinctions ...
Grammar and Language Workbook
Grammar and Language Workbook

... We did ask for a quiet table. 10. The voice of a verb shows whether the subject performs the action or receives the action of the verb. A sentence is in the active voice when the subject performs the action. A sentence is in the passive voice when the subject receives the action of the verb. The rob ...
Passive without passive morphology
Passive without passive morphology

... with Object is later given in examples (7). We will show later that an enclitic alone or an NP alone can function as Subject (or Object). When both the enclitic and the free NP are present, we argue that the enclitic is the ‘real’ Subject or Object.7 Unlike Subject and Object (which are core argumen ...
EVALUATING PART-OF-SPEECH TAGGING AND PARSING On the
EVALUATING PART-OF-SPEECH TAGGING AND PARSING On the

... verb tense), morphosyntax (e.g., noun/verb distinction), syntax (e.g., identification of the case for pronouns, accusative versus dative), and semantics (e.g., distinction between common and proper noun). Often it is represented by lexical descriptions which make explicit the way linguistic features ...
the nature and classification of idioms
the nature and classification of idioms

... long. A large number of idioms consist of some combination of noun and adjective, e.g., cold war, a dark horse, French leave, forty winks, a snake in the grass. Some idioms are much longer: to fish in troubled waters, to take the bull by the horns, to cut one’s coat according to one’s cloth.  An id ...
T H E   I N C E P... E D   T O P I C S ...
T H E I N C E P... E D T O P I C S ...

... of encoding a distinct action/event. Leslau (1995:359) notes that the Amharic verb ansɨta „she having picked up‟ in 1:1a cannot be translated into English. Example 1:1b is also uttered when no action of grasping by the dog is involved. The converbs, rather, seem to give nuances to the main verb that ...
Run Baby Run!
Run Baby Run!

... of an independent clause (complete sentence) and a dependent clause (fragment). The punctuation used to join these two clauses depends on which of the clauses come first in the sentence. Subordinating Conjunctions: because, as, since, although, even, if, unless, so, after before, once, until, when, ...
Imperfect Subjunctive
Imperfect Subjunctive

... subjunctive if you need a past tense: I doubt that he studies. – “he studies” would be present subjunctive. I doubt that he studied. – “he studied” would be imperfect subjunctive. ...
A Description of Preverb and Particle Usage in Innu - Innu
A Description of Preverb and Particle Usage in Innu - Innu

... The subject of this thesis is the particles and preverbs of Innu-aimûn (Montagnais). Algonquian languages, including Innu-aimûn, encode adverbial information in many different ways: through the use of particles of time and manner; with preverbs; and with verbal suffixes. Preverbs display regular ord ...
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Polish grammar

The grammar of the Polish language is characterized by a high degree of inflection, and has relatively free word order, although the dominant arrangement is subject–verb–object (SVO). There are no articles, and there is frequent dropping of subject pronouns. Distinctive features include the different treatment of masculine personal nouns in the plural, and the complex grammar of numerals and quantifiers.
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