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Elisa Di Domenico - Italian Journal of Linguistics
Elisa Di Domenico - Italian Journal of Linguistics

... first/second Person signal a coincidence of what is said and the speech event. Past Tense(s) and Third person signal a departure of what is said from the speech event. We thus assume the hypothesis in (3): ...
Language and Cognition Prototype constructions in early language
Language and Cognition Prototype constructions in early language

... unproductive mathematical metaphor for grammar (as, for example, in traditional phrase-structure-based theories of grammar) in which words have meanings but grammatical ‘‘rules’’ are totally formal and without meaning or function (Tomasello 1998, 2005). In this more functional view, a person’s gramm ...
Case checking vs. case assignment and the case of adverbial NPs
Case checking vs. case assignment and the case of adverbial NPs

... With one, both one and the noun receive their Case from the verb. However, with a higher numeral like five, the noun receives genitive.2 This pattern is traditionally interpreted as indicating that only higher numerals have the ability to assign GQ. As for inherent Case contexts, when a numeral NP ...
Untitled - Cognella Titles Store
Untitled - Cognella Titles Store

... of FMs, thoughts do occur that otherwise would and could not. With FMs, language can sometimes express what otherwise cannot be expressed. ...
Russian peripheral reciprocal markers and - CSSP
Russian peripheral reciprocal markers and - CSSP

... i Petj-u drug s drug-om (I.NOM introduce-PST-SG.M Vasja-ACC and Petja-ACC other with other-INS) ‘I introduced Vasja and Petja to each other’, where the pronoun is bound by the direct object and the prepositional phrase with s ‘with’. ...
View PDF - CiteSeerX
View PDF - CiteSeerX

... Being one of the earliest scripts - dating back to at least 3000 B.C., Hieroglyphic writing has not been used for about 2000 years5 . Ancient Egyptian is now regarded as a dead language, which means that no group of people have spoken it as their primary language6 . Until 1799, where the so-called R ...
Commas in Compound Sentences, Dependent Clauses, and
Commas in Compound Sentences, Dependent Clauses, and

... independent clauses are joined together with a coordinating conjunction. Remember, an independent clause is a group of words that can stand alone; in other words, it is a complete sentence. A coordinating conjunction connects equal things. There are seven coordinating conjunctions – and, but, or, fo ...
How to Speak and Write Correctly by Joseph Devlin, M.A.
How to Speak and Write Correctly by Joseph Devlin, M.A.

... Adjective, Pronoun, Verb, Adverb, Preposition, Conjunction and Interjection. Of these, the Noun is the most important, as all the others are more or less dependent upon it. A Noun signifies the name of any person, place or thing, in fact, anything of which we can have either thought or idea. There a ...
The middle and passive derivations in Konso
The middle and passive derivations in Konso

... In (38b) there is a full subject that has the semantic role of non-human undergoer with no control or volition. Obviously such full subjects are not the object of the active verb; they are more patient-like than the possible patient subjects of the equivalent active intransitive verb. In the non pas ...
英语写作基础教程第三章(2)
英语写作基础教程第三章(2)

... It is the opposite of the loose sentence, also continuous or running style, where the subject and verb are introduced at the beginning of the sentence..(Typical English thinking!) E.g.1) He missed the lecture although he had done all he could to ...
view - Association for Computational Linguistics
view - Association for Computational Linguistics

... of its components. N-V combinations are subject to various levels of lexicalization. In some cases, the CP meaning is a specialization of the predictable meaning of the combination. For instance čâqu zadan ‘to stab’ (Lit. ‘knife hit’) is not only to hit somebody with a knife; dast dâdan ‘to shake ...
11 Fula
11 Fula

... Imperatives are possible in several “tenses”/aspects, including an habitual (actually, a future used as an habitual) imperative: wolw-at-ay „keep on talking!‟, but only two voices, there being no Passive Imperative (Arnott 1970:248). Other modal forms include a desiderative (suffixes -u, -o, or -Ø): ...
1 What is morphology? CHAPTER OUTLINE
1 What is morphology? CHAPTER OUTLINE

... On the other hand, we sometimes use morphology even when we don’t need new lexemes. For example, we saw that each lexeme can have a number of word forms. The lexeme WALK has forms like walk, walks, walked, walking that can be used in different grammatical contexts. When we change the form of a word ...
Shallow-Parsing Stylebook for German
Shallow-Parsing Stylebook for German

... (or a cardinal number) as a head word (with the exception mentioned in section 2.3.4 and below) and of optional determiners, adverb chunks or attributive adjective chunks (See Figures 4, 11 and 10 and the examples mentioned in section 2.3.4). Noun chunks can only be contained in prepositional chunks ...
The full infinitive consist of two words, to + verb
The full infinitive consist of two words, to + verb

... Appreciate usually requires a possessive adjective or passive gerund: I appreciate your giving me so much of your time. I appreciate being given this opportunity. Common expressions + gerund: can’t stand, can’t help, it's worthwhile, it's little use, etc. There's no telling what will happen. It's no ...
Chapter 1 - Innu
Chapter 1 - Innu

... two non-subject noun phrases (NPs), paakueshikana 'bread' and ishkuet 'girl', and extra verbal morphology (Marantz ...
3 Speech act distinctions in syntax
3 Speech act distinctions in syntax

... imperative. As a first approximation. these three types can be described as follows: The declarative is subject to judgments of truth and falsehood, It is used for making a n n o u n ce me n ts, stating conclusions, making claims, relating stories, and so on. The intcrrogiitive elicits it verbal res ...
Pronouncing the Consonants
Pronouncing the Consonants

... purposes, or you want to travel in the German-speaking countries. Maybe you have a keen interest in German literature and no longer want to read translations. Or maybe you’re interested in Germany itself because Grandpa Schmidt came from Bavaria eighty years ago and you just have to know more about ...
Grammar powerpoint
Grammar powerpoint

... Modal verbs • Will, may, can, must, ought (to), shall, might, could, would, should.) ...
German Grammar in English for International Students
German Grammar in English for International Students

... Natural and grammatical gender . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . ...
Reaching agreement
Reaching agreement

... relationship in which the source of meaning-related features is tightly circumscribed (viz., to an agreement controller like the subject noun phrase). In psycholinguistics, there are parallel positions about how agreement works in language production. A control model is detailed in a theory called M ...
Chapter 5 Nawat - DCU School of Computing
Chapter 5 Nawat - DCU School of Computing

... This section outlines the grammar of Nawat. It uses Campbell (1985) as its main reference, although the other Nawat language books referred to in section 5.4 have also been consulted. Campbell reports that an optional lengthening of vowels exists in certain words. As this distinction is no longer ve ...
monday, august 29
monday, august 29

... vocabulary. Additionally, an understanding of the parts of speech will help you know where a word belongs in the sentence. Nouns and pronouns, for example, are used as subjects, indirect objects, direct objects of verbs or prepositions; verbs are used as verbs—words describing action, occurrence, or ...
``Finite`` and ``nonfinite`` from a typological perspective
``Finite`` and ``nonfinite`` from a typological perspective

... – at the syntactic level: semantic finiteness with regard to the interpretation of a sentence construction, – at the morphological level: morphological finiteness with regard to the form of the ‘‘wording’’ of a construction. These levels have been conflated in the analysis quoted: forms such as MA ibqa ...
Parts of Speech
Parts of Speech

... Underneath the “Action” flap write: Transitive verbs are followed by a word or words that answer the question what? Or whom? Ella ate the cake (what?). Below write: Intransitive verbs don’t have a “receiver” (who or what?) for the action. The jeep flew (down the ...
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Polish grammar

The grammar of the Polish language is characterized by a high degree of inflection, and has relatively free word order, although the dominant arrangement is subject–verb–object (SVO). There are no articles, and there is frequent dropping of subject pronouns. Distinctive features include the different treatment of masculine personal nouns in the plural, and the complex grammar of numerals and quantifiers.
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