Time and Tense in English - Association for Computational Linguistics
... of when the event associated with the main verb occurs with repect to the time of utterance. That is, tense informs the reader that an event occurs before, after, or during the time of utterance. Temporal adverbs (such as tomorrow or now) add additional information about the events in a sentence. Te ...
... of when the event associated with the main verb occurs with repect to the time of utterance. That is, tense informs the reader that an event occurs before, after, or during the time of utterance. Temporal adverbs (such as tomorrow or now) add additional information about the events in a sentence. Te ...
Cultural and linguistic guidelines for language evaluation of Arab
... desert). Moreover, more variety exists within each dialectal-speech community on the basis of gender and other social factors (Holes, 1995; Al-Toma, 1969). There are many different types of major Arabic dialects. A few examples of Arabic dialects that differ from country to country are: Algerian Sha ...
... desert). Moreover, more variety exists within each dialectal-speech community on the basis of gender and other social factors (Holes, 1995; Al-Toma, 1969). There are many different types of major Arabic dialects. A few examples of Arabic dialects that differ from country to country are: Algerian Sha ...
Chapters from the History of Czech Functional Linguistics
... While some papers lay out the general linguistic theories proposed by their authors, others deal with quite specific features of English, typically in contrast with Czech and other languages. The selection of the papers is a matter of the editor’s individual choice and personal preference: it does n ...
... While some papers lay out the general linguistic theories proposed by their authors, others deal with quite specific features of English, typically in contrast with Czech and other languages. The selection of the papers is a matter of the editor’s individual choice and personal preference: it does n ...
From a children`s first dictionary to a lexical
... Words can be taken as entities. A lot of them are looked a t without investigating their meanings. The interaction between words is given through statistical measurements [42, 401. Probabilities are involved at different steps of sentence analysis; the tagging process, the syntactic analysis and wor ...
... Words can be taken as entities. A lot of them are looked a t without investigating their meanings. The interaction between words is given through statistical measurements [42, 401. Probabilities are involved at different steps of sentence analysis; the tagging process, the syntactic analysis and wor ...
Text Linguistics Course - KSU Faculty Member websites
... [A] language that is functional. […] Language that is doing some job in some context, as opposed to isolated words or sentences […]. So any instance of living language that is playing some part in a context of situation, we shall call it a text. It may be either spoken or written, or indeed in any ...
... [A] language that is functional. […] Language that is doing some job in some context, as opposed to isolated words or sentences […]. So any instance of living language that is playing some part in a context of situation, we shall call it a text. It may be either spoken or written, or indeed in any ...
Grammaticalization and - White Rose eTheses Online
... This is neatly summed up as follows: ‘Syntactically, such D-to-T conversion is suggested to be an example of ‘lateral grammaticalization’, a process in which a functional head from one type of syntactic domain may under appropriate circumstances undergo re-interpretation as an equivalent functional ...
... This is neatly summed up as follows: ‘Syntactically, such D-to-T conversion is suggested to be an example of ‘lateral grammaticalization’, a process in which a functional head from one type of syntactic domain may under appropriate circumstances undergo re-interpretation as an equivalent functional ...
Generalized Phrase Structure Grammar
... John washes the car. ⇒ The car is washed by John. • We could write rules to generate the second sentence directly. • Problem with such approach: no generalization ...
... John washes the car. ⇒ The car is washed by John. • We could write rules to generate the second sentence directly. • Problem with such approach: no generalization ...
The meaning of the English present participle
... This distributional argument for treating gerunds and participles as categorially distinct clause structures has been questioned (Huddleston & Pullum 2002). It is true that there is a certain circularity in justifying the gerund-participle distinction on distributional properties alone. For example ...
... This distributional argument for treating gerunds and participles as categorially distinct clause structures has been questioned (Huddleston & Pullum 2002). It is true that there is a certain circularity in justifying the gerund-participle distinction on distributional properties alone. For example ...
Spanish Clitics, Events and Opposition Structure
... than the standard Spanish from Spain. For instance, the sentence (10b) below would be hardly accepted by a speaker from Spain. On the contrary, equivalent pairs like those of (21a) are found everywhere in other dialects. However, this more creative behavior seems to be based more on general properti ...
... than the standard Spanish from Spain. For instance, the sentence (10b) below would be hardly accepted by a speaker from Spain. On the contrary, equivalent pairs like those of (21a) are found everywhere in other dialects. However, this more creative behavior seems to be based more on general properti ...
A Study of Optimality Theory and the Human Sentence Processing
... To my uncle Swinder Pal Singh Multani, I would like to express my gratitude for accompanying my mother and I on our trip to India in December (2001). Your support was much needed and much appreciated. To my friend Sadat Anwar, you are amongst my oldest memories. Ever since we shared our first day o ...
... To my uncle Swinder Pal Singh Multani, I would like to express my gratitude for accompanying my mother and I on our trip to India in December (2001). Your support was much needed and much appreciated. To my friend Sadat Anwar, you are amongst my oldest memories. Ever since we shared our first day o ...
full text
... synthetic perfect, it appears in clauses with low transitivity (i.e. with a non-volitional subject, mostly without any object, denoting a state; compare Chantraine 1927:4-20), with an aspectual function7 that is known in cross-linguistic works on tense and aspect as ‘resultative’.8 An example is giv ...
... synthetic perfect, it appears in clauses with low transitivity (i.e. with a non-volitional subject, mostly without any object, denoting a state; compare Chantraine 1927:4-20), with an aspectual function7 that is known in cross-linguistic works on tense and aspect as ‘resultative’.8 An example is giv ...
Metaphor and subjective experience
... Theory (CMT), according to which the meanings of non-concrete expressions are based on non-linguistic, and purportedly universal primary metaphors such as SIMILARITY IS PROXIMITY IN SPACE (cf. Grady 2005; Johnson & Rohrer 2007). If the motion-emotion metaphors in the four languages under discussion ...
... Theory (CMT), according to which the meanings of non-concrete expressions are based on non-linguistic, and purportedly universal primary metaphors such as SIMILARITY IS PROXIMITY IN SPACE (cf. Grady 2005; Johnson & Rohrer 2007). If the motion-emotion metaphors in the four languages under discussion ...
An outline of Celtiberian grammar
... discussion of Celtiberian lexical items in MLH V.1.1 For the great number of etymological suggestions and different grammatical theories dealt with in those books, bibliographical references will not be repeated here. Interpretations and translations proposed by various authors for single Celtiberia ...
... discussion of Celtiberian lexical items in MLH V.1.1 For the great number of etymological suggestions and different grammatical theories dealt with in those books, bibliographical references will not be repeated here. Interpretations and translations proposed by various authors for single Celtiberia ...
Chapter ? Binding by Verbs: Tense, Person and Mood under Attitudes*
... The organisation of the paper is as follows. Section 2 introduces the principle Feature Deletion under Binding. Section 3 lists the data to be analysed. Section 4 presents the theory. Section 4.1.3 gives a detailed account of the morphology/syntax interface of tense. 4.2 introduces the semantics. 4 ...
... The organisation of the paper is as follows. Section 2 introduces the principle Feature Deletion under Binding. Section 3 lists the data to be analysed. Section 4 presents the theory. Section 4.1.3 gives a detailed account of the morphology/syntax interface of tense. 4.2 introduces the semantics. 4 ...
MOVEMENT IN RESTRICTIVE RELATIVE CLAUSES by SUSAN K
... presence of relative pronoun that (or its substitutability [Thus, the boy that ^^^^ •" in the clause). *the boy, that came . . impossibility of parentheticals like by the way , incidentally [e.g. *The man who, by the way, was timid v;as afraid to join in the conversation] impossibility of quatiifier ...
... presence of relative pronoun that (or its substitutability [Thus, the boy that ^^^^ •" in the clause). *the boy, that came . . impossibility of parentheticals like by the way , incidentally [e.g. *The man who, by the way, was timid v;as afraid to join in the conversation] impossibility of quatiifier ...
AFF - MPG.PuRe
... my research in Atayal. He not only taught me Indonesian, Tagalog, and Austronesian linguistics, but also writing of textbooks and foreign lang~agepedagogy. He always believe6 in me and challeoged me to move forward. Professor Linda Waugh taught me morphology and semiotics. She played a crucial role ...
... my research in Atayal. He not only taught me Indonesian, Tagalog, and Austronesian linguistics, but also writing of textbooks and foreign lang~agepedagogy. He always believe6 in me and challeoged me to move forward. Professor Linda Waugh taught me morphology and semiotics. She played a crucial role ...
A Theory of Generative Grammar
... Here, x stands in for the thing being mentioned, namely a group of cats. The edge from x to thing, labeled kind, which we can denote here in text as kind(x, thing), indicates that x is being conceptualized as a thing in the world, as opposed to an event, property, time, etc. The edge isa(x, cat) ind ...
... Here, x stands in for the thing being mentioned, namely a group of cats. The edge from x to thing, labeled kind, which we can denote here in text as kind(x, thing), indicates that x is being conceptualized as a thing in the world, as opposed to an event, property, time, etc. The edge isa(x, cat) ind ...
chapter 3 - UM Students` Repository
... A fundamental fact about words in all languages is that they can be grouped together in a relatively small number of classes, called syntactic categories which are mostly addressed by traditional grammar. This classification reflects a variety of factors, including the meaning that words express, th ...
... A fundamental fact about words in all languages is that they can be grouped together in a relatively small number of classes, called syntactic categories which are mostly addressed by traditional grammar. This classification reflects a variety of factors, including the meaning that words express, th ...
A Crosslinguistic Perspective on n
... Another ingredient of the analysis is needed to explain that n-words only occur in negative sentences. This is achieved by the requirement that n-words must be licensed by negation. One way to spell out this licensing requirement would be to assume that n-words are NPIs (taken by Laka, 1990; Giannak ...
... Another ingredient of the analysis is needed to explain that n-words only occur in negative sentences. This is achieved by the requirement that n-words must be licensed by negation. One way to spell out this licensing requirement would be to assume that n-words are NPIs (taken by Laka, 1990; Giannak ...
Negation in clause linkages1
... 1991; Eriksen 2005; Veselinova 2007) or main clause that subcategorises for a subordinate complement clause (e.g. Payne’s (1985a) ‘higher negative verb’ and the theoretical literature on neg-raising (Horn 1978, 2001)). As with most typological work, this is, in part, motivated by the convenience and ...
... 1991; Eriksen 2005; Veselinova 2007) or main clause that subcategorises for a subordinate complement clause (e.g. Payne’s (1985a) ‘higher negative verb’ and the theoretical literature on neg-raising (Horn 1978, 2001)). As with most typological work, this is, in part, motivated by the convenience and ...
perfect tense
... There are five CASES: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative. There are two NUMBERS: singular, plural. There are three GENDERS: masculine, feminine, neuter. Nouns of the first declension have a genitive singular ending in –ae. To find the stem of any Latin noun remove the ending from the ...
... There are five CASES: nominative, genitive, dative, accusative, ablative. There are two NUMBERS: singular, plural. There are three GENDERS: masculine, feminine, neuter. Nouns of the first declension have a genitive singular ending in –ae. To find the stem of any Latin noun remove the ending from the ...
chapter ii - The English Spelling Society
... The treatment of compound words in English is very inconsistent, and presents many difficulties to the learner. The only authority is the dictionary, and even the Oxford English Dictionary shows many inconsistencies, a few of which are given in the list below. We doubt if any educated person would w ...
... The treatment of compound words in English is very inconsistent, and presents many difficulties to the learner. The only authority is the dictionary, and even the Oxford English Dictionary shows many inconsistencies, a few of which are given in the list below. We doubt if any educated person would w ...
as a PDF
... they do not provide objective and empirically testable parameters that could be used to decide on how BH could be classified and the meanings of the verb forms be determined. Some argue that the language is a tense language, some argue that it is an aspect language while others claim that the verbs ...
... they do not provide objective and empirically testable parameters that could be used to decide on how BH could be classified and the meanings of the verb forms be determined. Some argue that the language is a tense language, some argue that it is an aspect language while others claim that the verbs ...
The Verb “To Be”
... How to check the spelling of a word The best way to learn how to spell a word is to find it in the Dictionary. To find words in the Dictionary it is important to know the alphabet well. You will need to be able to judge quickly whether any word comes before or after another one, this is called alpha ...
... How to check the spelling of a word The best way to learn how to spell a word is to find it in the Dictionary. To find words in the Dictionary it is important to know the alphabet well. You will need to be able to judge quickly whether any word comes before or after another one, this is called alpha ...