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How VCO Parameters Affect Each Other
How VCO Parameters Affect Each Other

... • Higher modulation bandwidth can easily be achieved at higher frequency. ...
MAR2100 | Maradin MEMS Drive & Control Datasheet
MAR2100 | Maradin MEMS Drive & Control Datasheet

... reference clock for the PLL. The PLL locks to the MEMS mirror resonance frequency and outputs a 155MHz clock signal which is used for generating timing signals providing a sub-pixel, up to 1/5-pixel resolution control. The programmability of phase allows locking to the MEMS resonance frequency. The ...
LTC1164-8 - Ultra-Selective, Low Power 8th
LTC1164-8 - Ultra-Selective, Low Power 8th

... The filter’s gain at fCENTER is set with an external op amp and resistors RIN and RF (Figure 1). The filter’s center frequency (fCENTER) is equal to the clock frequency divided by 100. The output dynamic range of LTC1164-8 is optimized for minimum noise and maximum voltage swing when resistor RF is ...
pulse analog modulation
pulse analog modulation

... • Reconstruction of BP signal from In phase and quadrature components - ## • The reconstruction filter generates analog version of in phase and quadrature components. • These xi(t) and xq(t) are multiplied by cos(2*pi*fc*t) and sin(2*pi*fc*t) respectively to shift their frequencies in BP range. • T ...
A 225°C Rated ASIC for Quartz Based Downhole
A 225°C Rated ASIC for Quartz Based Downhole

Electrical noise and transients
Electrical noise and transients

... circuits are particularly vulnerable to noise because they operate at fast speeds and with low voltage levels. The lower the signal voltage, the less the amplitude of the noise voltage that can be tolerated. The signal-to-noise ratio describes how much noise a circuit can tolerate before the valid i ...
VSAT TX-RX Hybrid Unit
VSAT TX-RX Hybrid Unit

... A DIL switch on the rear panel is used to select the BUC voltage and also the internal or external 10 MHz reference source. The shelf incorporates monitoring of LNB and BUC current, as well as 10MHz signal presence. Alarms are triggered if LNB or BUC power, 10MHz signal, or PSU’s fail. Alarms are in ...
a CMOS Complete DDS AD9831
a CMOS Complete DDS AD9831

... NCO is a 32-bit phase accumulator which assembles the phase component of the output signal. Continuous time signals have a phase range of 0 to 2π. Outside this range of numbers, the sinusoid functions repeat themselves in a periodic manner. The digital implementation is no different. The accumulator ...
212k
212k

Rectifiers
Rectifiers

... (wavelength, frequency, cycle, crests, trough, positive side, negative side, and amplitude). 3. Review with the students the proper operation of the Voltmeter for measuring DC voltages. Overview: Rectifiers convert alternating currents (AC) into direct current (DC). Alternating currents reverse dire ...
Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling: The Laws of Diminishing
Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling: The Laws of Diminishing

... P = Cf V 2 + Pstatic ...
OCET-2012 Question Booklet Series : A  Sr. No. :
OCET-2012 Question Booklet Series : A Sr. No. :

... 11. For rough work only the sheets marked “Rough Work” at the end of the Question Booklet be used. 12. The Answer Sheet is designed for computer evaluation. Therefore, if you do not follow the instructions given on the Answer Sheet, it may make evaluation by the computer difficult. Any resultant los ...
Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling: The Laws of Diminishing Returns Abstract
Dynamic Voltage and Frequency Scaling: The Laws of Diminishing Returns Abstract

... P = Cf V 2 + Pstatic ...
HS-6254RH Datasheet
HS-6254RH Datasheet

... All Intersil semiconductor products are manufactured, assembled and tested under ISO9000 quality systems certification. Intersil semiconductor products are sold by description only. Intersil Corporation reserves the right to make changes in circuit design and/or specifications at any time without no ...
Stereo Ensemble – SE330 User Manual Oakley Sound Systems PCB Issue 2
Stereo Ensemble – SE330 User Manual Oakley Sound Systems PCB Issue 2

Control of G4JNT AD9850 Direct Digital Synthesizer module
Control of G4JNT AD9850 Direct Digital Synthesizer module

... about 1/3 of the master frequency. Resolution is 2-32 times the master frequency (about one four-billionth). For example, a 100MHz reference frequency could be used to make a VFO covering 0 to 30MHz with a resolution of less than 0.025Hz. The problem with the chip is that it is tricky to program, re ...
SMD-01A_ND16001E01
SMD-01A_ND16001E01

... infringements of patents or other rights of the third parties which may result from its use. No license is granted by implication or otherwise under any patents or other rights of the third parties. Then, we assume no responsibility whatsoever for any damages resulting from that infringements. 4. Th ...
ZA013563570
ZA013563570

... transmitted digital pulses are successfully detected at the receiver. The output of the detector is fed to comparator which is examined using the dual trace oscilloscope as shown in figure 8. Now adjusts the bias 1 preset until the bias input at t.p.13 is halfway between the top and the bottom of th ...
07110059, 07110100 & 07110067
07110059, 07110100 & 07110067

... kilometer with the transmitter's power output adjusted such that the signal level at the receiver is 30 decibels (dB) above the background noise. Figure 3 shows how the signal level drops with distance beyond the receiver in the two cases. For the link unaffected by 02 absorption , it ta kes 32 kilo ...
trace elliot
trace elliot

Analog Communication Lab(PEC-453)
Analog Communication Lab(PEC-453)

... Impedance Matching Resistors: Two 100R potentiometers are connected on source & load side respectively for impedance matching. A 10 resistance is given at the bottom end of the panel to facilitate input current. Measurement: Transmission Line Trainer Introduction: Transmission lines are a means of c ...
Filters and Impedance Matching
Filters and Impedance Matching

... B. The power transistor is at saturation or cut off most of the time, resulting in low power dissipation C. Linear amplifiers have high gain resulting in higher harmonic content D. Switching amplifiers use push-pull circuits ...
The 101 MHz Amplifier System of the New CERN Lead Injector
The 101 MHz Amplifier System of the New CERN Lead Injector

... all other supplies were housed in modular plug-in units. The g1 voltages of driver and final stage are switched between two sources from a C working point to A/A-B during the rf-pulse by a high voltage power-mosfet transistor, while another one acts as an electronic load for the g1-current. The crow ...
Filter Types
Filter Types

... transfer functions. These characteristics are obtained at the expensive of poor selectivity, high element sensitivity, and a very wide spread of element values. Gaussian filter is very similar to the Bessel except that the delay has a slight “hump” at center frequency and the rate of roll-off is slo ...
MEG381.LABS.LVDT
MEG381.LABS.LVDT

... are balanced against one another. The secondary coils in an LVDT are connected in the opposite sense (one clockwise, the other counter clockwise). Thus when the same varying magnetic field is applied to both secondary coils, their output voltages have the same amplitude but differ in sign. The outpu ...
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Heterodyne



Heterodyning is a radio signal processing technique invented in 1901 by Canadian inventor-engineer Reginald Fessenden, in which new frequencies are created by combining or mixing two frequencies. Heterodyning is used to shift one frequency range into another, new one, and is also involved in the processes of modulation and demodulation. The two frequencies are combined in a nonlinear signal-processing device such as a vacuum tube, transistor, or diode, usually called a mixer. In the most common application, two signals at frequencies f1 and f2 are mixed, creating two new signals, one at the sum f1 + f2 of the two frequencies, and the other at the difference f1 − f2. These new frequencies are called heterodynes. Typically only one of the new frequencies is desired, and the other signal is filtered out of the output of the mixer. Heterodynes are related to the phenomenon of ""beats"" in acoustics.A major application of the heterodyne process is in the superheterodyne radio receiver circuit, which is used in virtually all modern radio receivers.
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