Carnap as a Shapiro
... Rudolf Carnap’s logical pluralism is often held to be one in which corresponding connectives in different logics do not share a meaning. This paper presents an alternative view of Carnap’s position, in which connectives can and do share a meaning in some (though not all) situations. This re-interpre ...
... Rudolf Carnap’s logical pluralism is often held to be one in which corresponding connectives in different logics do not share a meaning. This paper presents an alternative view of Carnap’s position, in which connectives can and do share a meaning in some (though not all) situations. This re-interpre ...
science
... facts. But in order to decide what is relevant and what is not, we have to have a theory or at least a hypothesis about what is it we are observing. ...
... facts. But in order to decide what is relevant and what is not, we have to have a theory or at least a hypothesis about what is it we are observing. ...
the critique of positivism
... And, “In the present situation it is acknowledged that the permanent and sole duty of governments is to work for the happiness of society. But how is society’s happiness to be achieved” 23 The answer, for Saint-Simon, lay in the development and application of the ‘positive’ sciences, both natural an ...
... And, “In the present situation it is acknowledged that the permanent and sole duty of governments is to work for the happiness of society. But how is society’s happiness to be achieved” 23 The answer, for Saint-Simon, lay in the development and application of the ‘positive’ sciences, both natural an ...
PDF
... definition implies the existence of a decision procedure for all arithmetic problems and Turing proved that there is no such a procedure. There is however another definition of the term ’analytic’ which could be more appealing to logicist foundations. In this new definition a proposition ...
... definition implies the existence of a decision procedure for all arithmetic problems and Turing proved that there is no such a procedure. There is however another definition of the term ’analytic’ which could be more appealing to logicist foundations. In this new definition a proposition ...
PHI 515 Quine
... Quine’s reply: This thought only labels the problem of understanding the analytically true (and analytically false). Little progress has been made on understanding analyticity itself. ...
... Quine’s reply: This thought only labels the problem of understanding the analytically true (and analytically false). Little progress has been made on understanding analyticity itself. ...
What is scientific realism
... 3. The approximate truth of a scientific theory is sufficient explanation of its predictive success. 4. The (approximate) truth of a scientific theory is the only possible explanation of its predictive success. 5. A scientific theory may be approximately true even inferentially unsuccessful. 6. The ...
... 3. The approximate truth of a scientific theory is sufficient explanation of its predictive success. 4. The (approximate) truth of a scientific theory is the only possible explanation of its predictive success. 5. A scientific theory may be approximately true even inferentially unsuccessful. 6. The ...
What is Pragmatism - Valdosta State University
... very few deny that at least some form of evolution takes place, but even assuming that it does settles very little in that there a number of different theories of evolution (for instance): o teleological theories the change is directed by some internal or external agent or mechanism o non-teleol ...
... very few deny that at least some form of evolution takes place, but even assuming that it does settles very little in that there a number of different theories of evolution (for instance): o teleological theories the change is directed by some internal or external agent or mechanism o non-teleol ...
Philosophy of Science Summary Chapter 1: Rationalism and
... o Distrust of great philosophical systems; o Wanted to develop a view of science that would be strong enough to get rid of all irrational thought. Logical positivism Agreed with Hume: knowledge results from either abstract reasoning (logic) or experimental reasoning (observation). Logical positivism ...
... o Distrust of great philosophical systems; o Wanted to develop a view of science that would be strong enough to get rid of all irrational thought. Logical positivism Agreed with Hume: knowledge results from either abstract reasoning (logic) or experimental reasoning (observation). Logical positivism ...
The Brotherhood of Doctrines - The Institute of General Semantics
... frightened away from it by the fact that it is a document of exact science, because while the language may at first be strange the ideas themselves are such as may be readily grasped by any intelligent man; and ultimately the language itself will be found to make this easier than if more familiar wo ...
... frightened away from it by the fact that it is a document of exact science, because while the language may at first be strange the ideas themselves are such as may be readily grasped by any intelligent man; and ultimately the language itself will be found to make this easier than if more familiar wo ...
A-Logic and Computer Technology
... Carnap, Hempel and Goodman were staunch proponents of mathematical logic. But in trying to extend it to the empirical sciences in 1938 Carnap found that M-logic can not be used to define important dispositional predicates 2 ; if “a is soluble” were defined as “If a is put in water, then a dissolves” ...
... Carnap, Hempel and Goodman were staunch proponents of mathematical logic. But in trying to extend it to the empirical sciences in 1938 Carnap found that M-logic can not be used to define important dispositional predicates 2 ; if “a is soluble” were defined as “If a is put in water, then a dissolves” ...
Oct 15
... Why reject verifiability? By then (for reasons we will study shortly), scientists and philosophers recognized that no empirical theory could ever be proven. This seemed to take any degree of certainty off the table Moreover, according to Popper, “verifications” or confirmations of a theory were, in ...
... Why reject verifiability? By then (for reasons we will study shortly), scientists and philosophers recognized that no empirical theory could ever be proven. This seemed to take any degree of certainty off the table Moreover, according to Popper, “verifications” or confirmations of a theory were, in ...
Not how the world is, is the mystical, but that it is. verseny 07 L
... this observation conclude that these kind of questions are nothng but utter nonsense, as a results of his strict and complete analisis of facts and statements, Wittgenstein founds a suprising but nonetheless logical solution of the problem: The answers to the philosphical questions are not facts of ...
... this observation conclude that these kind of questions are nothng but utter nonsense, as a results of his strict and complete analisis of facts and statements, Wittgenstein founds a suprising but nonetheless logical solution of the problem: The answers to the philosphical questions are not facts of ...
AJ Ayer
... AJ Ayer’s emotivism LO: I will understand Ayer’s emotivism. Homework: For Tuesday 1. Revise for progress test on meta ethics 2. Compare and contrast Ayer and Moore’s views of language. (35) ...
... AJ Ayer’s emotivism LO: I will understand Ayer’s emotivism. Homework: For Tuesday 1. Revise for progress test on meta ethics 2. Compare and contrast Ayer and Moore’s views of language. (35) ...
- Philsci
... history stops in the 1930s with the collapse of European logical philosophy, and nothing Carnap or Russell or Popper or Reichenbach wrote after that decade is considered, nor are their connections with contemporary philosophy. Important technical enterprises of some of these figures are not develope ...
... history stops in the 1930s with the collapse of European logical philosophy, and nothing Carnap or Russell or Popper or Reichenbach wrote after that decade is considered, nor are their connections with contemporary philosophy. Important technical enterprises of some of these figures are not develope ...
Empiricist Criteria of Cognitive Significance
... • This proposal avoids the problems about the condition of adequacy that were raised against verifiability and falsifiability accounts (because cognitive significance is rooted in the vocabulary). • What is the relevant logical connection between an empirical (cognitively significant) term and its ...
... • This proposal avoids the problems about the condition of adequacy that were raised against verifiability and falsifiability accounts (because cognitive significance is rooted in the vocabulary). • What is the relevant logical connection between an empirical (cognitively significant) term and its ...
Quine. “Two Dogmas of Empiricism” - University of San Diego Home
... • Statement synonymy is said to be likeness of method of empirical confirmation or infirmation…[What] is the nature of the relationship between a statement and the experiences which contribute to or detract from its confirmation?...The most naïve view…is radical reductionism. Every meaningful statem ...
... • Statement synonymy is said to be likeness of method of empirical confirmation or infirmation…[What] is the nature of the relationship between a statement and the experiences which contribute to or detract from its confirmation?...The most naïve view…is radical reductionism. Every meaningful statem ...
My first university was in my home town, Durban, in the mid
... much for me—too obscure, too difficult, too dogmatic. In my final year I chanced on Ayer’s The Problem of Knowledge. It wasn’t exactly relevant to apartheid South Africa, but I consumed it eagerly. Through Ayer I was led to Russell’s logical atomism. What appealed to me in both these authors was the ...
... much for me—too obscure, too difficult, too dogmatic. In my final year I chanced on Ayer’s The Problem of Knowledge. It wasn’t exactly relevant to apartheid South Africa, but I consumed it eagerly. Through Ayer I was led to Russell’s logical atomism. What appealed to me in both these authors was the ...
Bold hypothesis by Popper
... cannot be a scientific statement. Thus, in Popper's eyes, the falsifiability criterion clearly demarcates "science" from "non-science". This Popperian idea has been very controversial, however. The reason is that it can be quite difficult to test scientifically how true a particular idea is. Even if ...
... cannot be a scientific statement. Thus, in Popper's eyes, the falsifiability criterion clearly demarcates "science" from "non-science". This Popperian idea has been very controversial, however. The reason is that it can be quite difficult to test scientifically how true a particular idea is. Even if ...
Metaphysics As Speculative Nonsense
... possibility of synthetic a priori knowledge. The debate whether metaphysics is completely speculative is, in part, the debate between rationalism and empiricism. VERIFICATION In the 1930s, a school of philosophy arose called logical positivism, concerned with the foundations and possibility of knowl ...
... possibility of synthetic a priori knowledge. The debate whether metaphysics is completely speculative is, in part, the debate between rationalism and empiricism. VERIFICATION In the 1930s, a school of philosophy arose called logical positivism, concerned with the foundations and possibility of knowl ...
Some Notes on the Philosophy of Science
... Therefore, whereas the verificationist can only confirm his theory to some degree or make it more probable, the more predictions are consistent with observations, the falsificationist arrives at deductive certainty – in ruling out certain proposed theories because of observations. “The aim of empiri ...
... Therefore, whereas the verificationist can only confirm his theory to some degree or make it more probable, the more predictions are consistent with observations, the falsificationist arrives at deductive certainty – in ruling out certain proposed theories because of observations. “The aim of empiri ...
positivism, naturalism, and anti
... that the event was to be expected, not why it happened. (Though he himself does not reject the deductivist view, White (1965, ch. 2) states very forcefully the difficulty of distinguishing ‘explanatory’ from ‘nonexplanatory’ laws. The best survey of the problems of the deductive model is provided by ...
... that the event was to be expected, not why it happened. (Though he himself does not reject the deductivist view, White (1965, ch. 2) states very forcefully the difficulty of distinguishing ‘explanatory’ from ‘nonexplanatory’ laws. The best survey of the problems of the deductive model is provided by ...
What is Postmodernism?
... narrators, fixed narrative points of view, and clear-cut moral positions. Faulkner's multiply-narrated stories are an example of this aspect of modernism. A blurring of distinctions between genres, so that poetry seems more documentary (as in T.S. Eliot or ee cummings) and prose seems more poetic (a ...
... narrators, fixed narrative points of view, and clear-cut moral positions. Faulkner's multiply-narrated stories are an example of this aspect of modernism. A blurring of distinctions between genres, so that poetry seems more documentary (as in T.S. Eliot or ee cummings) and prose seems more poetic (a ...
Class Notes, Part 1
... Science is empirical: the ultimate criterion for judging a scientific theory is its agreement with the empirical facts. Science is rational: scientists’ judgments in general are influenced by empirical facts and logical inferences from them- not by “extraneous” social, psychological, or political mo ...
... Science is empirical: the ultimate criterion for judging a scientific theory is its agreement with the empirical facts. Science is rational: scientists’ judgments in general are influenced by empirical facts and logical inferences from them- not by “extraneous” social, psychological, or political mo ...
Test fall 2006 for TOK1024
... The project of the logical positivists and Karl R Popper was to draw a line between what they called real science one on hand and on the other hand, metaphysics and / or pseudoscience. The positivists suggested the principle of verification but Karl Popper criticized their contribution and instead s ...
... The project of the logical positivists and Karl R Popper was to draw a line between what they called real science one on hand and on the other hand, metaphysics and / or pseudoscience. The positivists suggested the principle of verification but Karl Popper criticized their contribution and instead s ...