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Chemistry SOL Review Test
Chemistry SOL Review Test

Introduction to Computational Chemistry
Introduction to Computational Chemistry

... some  background  knowledge  in  spectroscopy.  The  elementary  parts  of  these   experiments  should  be  appropriate  for  all  students  that  manage  to  work  through  part  I   while  some  subjects  in  these  experiments  are  s ...
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Answers to Selected Problems

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Polarizability affecting nucleation of water vapour condensation and

... This is same as Eq. (7). In the kinetics of new phase formation, a substantial supersaturation of motherphase is required in order to provide the nuclei necessary for initiating the growth of new phase. The supersaturation is necessary, because at saturation, the nuclei are unstable with respect to ...
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Principles of Chemistry: A Molecular Approach

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Atomic nucleus



The nucleus is the small, dense region consisting of protons and neutrons at the center of an atom. The atomic nucleus was discovered in 1911 by Ernest Rutherford based on the 1909 Geiger–Marsden gold foil experiment. After the discovery of the neutron in 1932, models for a nucleus composed of protons and neutrons were quickly developed by Dmitri Ivanenko and Werner Heisenberg. Almost all of the mass of an atom is located in the nucleus, with a very small contribution from the electron cloud. Protons and neutrons are bound together to form a nucleus by the nuclear force.The diameter of the nucleus is in the range of 6985175000000000000♠1.75 fm (6985175000000000000♠1.75×10−15 m) for hydrogen (the diameter of a single proton) to about 6986150000000000000♠15 fm for the heaviest atoms, such as uranium. These dimensions are much smaller than the diameter of the atom itself (nucleus + electron cloud), by a factor of about 23,000 (uranium) to about 145,000 (hydrogen).The branch of physics concerned with the study and understanding of the atomic nucleus, including its composition and the forces which bind it together, is called nuclear physics.
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