1003 eDIN Contact Closure Spec
... The eDIN Contact Closure Module shall be a DMX512-controllable, contact closure output interface. Each module shall provide twelve (12) individual Form-C relay contact closures, each controlled by a discrete DMX channel. The relay contacts shall be capable of switching signal level voltages and curr ...
... The eDIN Contact Closure Module shall be a DMX512-controllable, contact closure output interface. Each module shall provide twelve (12) individual Form-C relay contact closures, each controlled by a discrete DMX channel. The relay contacts shall be capable of switching signal level voltages and curr ...
Saturated Cores FCL—A New Approach
... model, a single HTS bias coil was used to embrace 6 cores: two for each phase [13]. The problem of high AC voltage on bias coil was revealed again [14] and in a recent work [15] this problem was leaved out by using batteries as power supply for the bias coil. However, this solution is difficult to r ...
... model, a single HTS bias coil was used to embrace 6 cores: two for each phase [13]. The problem of high AC voltage on bias coil was revealed again [14] and in a recent work [15] this problem was leaved out by using batteries as power supply for the bias coil. However, this solution is difficult to r ...
VACUUM TYPE 15 PANELS, 11 kV SWITCH BOARDS
... metering leads of CTs & PTs to prevent their tempering (by unscrupulous operating personnel) will be discussed & mutually agreed upon with the successful bidder(s). TTB used on the instrument panel should be suitable for front connections. Earthing of current free metallic parts or metallic bodies o ...
... metering leads of CTs & PTs to prevent their tempering (by unscrupulous operating personnel) will be discussed & mutually agreed upon with the successful bidder(s). TTB used on the instrument panel should be suitable for front connections. Earthing of current free metallic parts or metallic bodies o ...
Online real-time Geiger counter to monitor radioactivity in air
... Simple setup, but HV pulser has no shutdown hence current drawn is ca 10 mA. For long term operation use external 9V power supply. Transformer windings numbers are adjusted for during prototype assembly for correct HV range. From speaker goes 10 kOhm resistor to Arduino board which counts pulses. Tr ...
... Simple setup, but HV pulser has no shutdown hence current drawn is ca 10 mA. For long term operation use external 9V power supply. Transformer windings numbers are adjusted for during prototype assembly for correct HV range. From speaker goes 10 kOhm resistor to Arduino board which counts pulses. Tr ...
TE News_11_10.qxd:GAN 09_05_final.qxd
... which is already available for MOST 25 and can be expanded to cover the MOST 150 requirements. The present MOST 25 device has four pins, with MOST 150 device this will be increased to 7 pins to accommodate the additional functionality. To safeguard the higher data rates the shielding concept will al ...
... which is already available for MOST 25 and can be expanded to cover the MOST 150 requirements. The present MOST 25 device has four pins, with MOST 150 device this will be increased to 7 pins to accommodate the additional functionality. To safeguard the higher data rates the shielding concept will al ...
Loop Sectionalization Automation Scheme
... Benefit metrics are based on outages where Loop-Sectionalizing was ...
... Benefit metrics are based on outages where Loop-Sectionalizing was ...
fault location calculation based on two terminal
... assume data to be available at both ends of the line. One algorithm uses the apparent line impedances and the post fault fundamental frequency voltage and current measurements to obtain an accurate fault location [4]. The source impedance, distribution factor and prefault current are not required by ...
... assume data to be available at both ends of the line. One algorithm uses the apparent line impedances and the post fault fundamental frequency voltage and current measurements to obtain an accurate fault location [4]. The source impedance, distribution factor and prefault current are not required by ...
Artificial Neural Network Based Fault Locator for Single Line
... problem. Therefore training patterns were generated by simulating different kinds of faults. Fault type such as single phase to ground, double phase to ground and triple phase to ground, inception angle, fault resistance and fault location were changed to obtain to get training patterns which covers ...
... problem. Therefore training patterns were generated by simulating different kinds of faults. Fault type such as single phase to ground, double phase to ground and triple phase to ground, inception angle, fault resistance and fault location were changed to obtain to get training patterns which covers ...
Suggested Specification
... directional element that shall differentiate between internal and external faults. At extremely low zero-sequence currents, this element shall become non-directional. This element shall be based on a low impedance principle that may be sourced from the ground CT input and the same set of phase CTs t ...
... directional element that shall differentiate between internal and external faults. At extremely low zero-sequence currents, this element shall become non-directional. This element shall be based on a low impedance principle that may be sourced from the ground CT input and the same set of phase CTs t ...
SPAJ 140 C Overcurrent and earth-fault relay
... Normally output relay B is used for signalling on operation of the overcurrent unit and C for signalling on operation of the earth-fault unit. This is also the default setting of the relay on delivery from the factory. The start signals of the protection stages of the relay are routed to output rela ...
... Normally output relay B is used for signalling on operation of the overcurrent unit and C for signalling on operation of the earth-fault unit. This is also the default setting of the relay on delivery from the factory. The start signals of the protection stages of the relay are routed to output rela ...
Investigation of Solar PV Inverters Current Contributions during
... a) Applying an arithmetic summation is a generalization approach for the worst case scenario. The accurate calculation by using the phase-angle difference between the two current vectors contributing to the fault at the contact parting time of a circuit breaker requires a complex transient study, bu ...
... a) Applying an arithmetic summation is a generalization approach for the worst case scenario. The accurate calculation by using the phase-angle difference between the two current vectors contributing to the fault at the contact parting time of a circuit breaker requires a complex transient study, bu ...
Power Plant “Horror Stories” - Beckwith Electric Co., Inc.
... saturate on SLG faults with the machine operating at 105% of rated voltage. The secondary resistor is usually selected so that for a SLG fault at the terminals of the generator, the power dissipated in the resistor is approximately equal to the reactive volt-amperes in the zero-sequence capacitive r ...
... saturate on SLG faults with the machine operating at 105% of rated voltage. The secondary resistor is usually selected so that for a SLG fault at the terminals of the generator, the power dissipated in the resistor is approximately equal to the reactive volt-amperes in the zero-sequence capacitive r ...
Principles of Differential Relaying.
... Fault current through RS could lead to dangerous overvoltages voltage limiters are required. Relatively easy to set but it requires identical CT s (identical magnetisation characteristics) in order to minimise the spill current with normal load. ...
... Fault current through RS could lead to dangerous overvoltages voltage limiters are required. Relatively easy to set but it requires identical CT s (identical magnetisation characteristics) in order to minimise the spill current with normal load. ...
Power System Modelling and Study Methodology for SRAS
... d- and q-axis). Shaft torsional characteristics do not have any impact from black start studies perspective, and can be disabled in the model interface. A number of additional parameters need to be entered in the PSCAD model compared to the parameters required for synchronous generator modelling in ...
... d- and q-axis). Shaft torsional characteristics do not have any impact from black start studies perspective, and can be disabled in the model interface. A number of additional parameters need to be entered in the PSCAD model compared to the parameters required for synchronous generator modelling in ...
ISO Rules Part 500 Facilities Division 502 Technical Requirements
... 12(1) A current transformer used in a protection system must be either magnetic or optical, and must not be the limiting element in the transmission facility’s rating. (2) The maximum available current transformer ratio must be sized for the ultimate fault level of the facility as set out in the fun ...
... 12(1) A current transformer used in a protection system must be either magnetic or optical, and must not be the limiting element in the transmission facility’s rating. (2) The maximum available current transformer ratio must be sized for the ultimate fault level of the facility as set out in the fun ...
IJESRT
... saturation. The parameters have been obtained from practical or experimental measurements. From the study it is seen that sags can produce transformer saturation when voltage recovers. This leads to produce an inrush current that is similar to inrush current produced during the transformer energizin ...
... saturation. The parameters have been obtained from practical or experimental measurements. From the study it is seen that sags can produce transformer saturation when voltage recovers. This leads to produce an inrush current that is similar to inrush current produced during the transformer energizin ...
Technical guide Protection criteria for medium voltage
... (even if they may not be strictly necessary on the outgoing feeders of the ring), and in the absence of homopolar voltage the relay does not operate, even when the ground current threshold is exceeded. When a ground fault occurs in a metallically connected network (perhaps in the network of another ...
... (even if they may not be strictly necessary on the outgoing feeders of the ring), and in the absence of homopolar voltage the relay does not operate, even when the ground current threshold is exceeded. When a ground fault occurs in a metallically connected network (perhaps in the network of another ...
Methods for detecting ground faults in medium-voltage
... avoiding cold load pickup and transformer inrushes, you must avoid false tripping by setting conventional ground overcurrent protection above the maximum foreseeable unbalance. Thus overcurrent protection that uses the fundamental component or root-mean-square (rms) values of the current are ineffec ...
... avoiding cold load pickup and transformer inrushes, you must avoid false tripping by setting conventional ground overcurrent protection above the maximum foreseeable unbalance. Thus overcurrent protection that uses the fundamental component or root-mean-square (rms) values of the current are ineffec ...
NetGuardian - DPS Telecom
... The ‘Point Groups’ Tab is used to create up to eight alarm point groups. Descriptions and energize states (normal or inverted) may be entered for each. Point groups are useful when you want to use non-standard alarm and clear descriptions for alarm points (such as “up” and “down” for power). When yo ...
... The ‘Point Groups’ Tab is used to create up to eight alarm point groups. Descriptions and energize states (normal or inverted) may be entered for each. Point groups are useful when you want to use non-standard alarm and clear descriptions for alarm points (such as “up” and “down” for power). When yo ...
Intrinsically Safe Product Handbook
... Therefore, the importance of surge protection must be stressed. Awareness of this often takes place after extensive damage to process control systems. In addition, surge protection must be recognised to only provide protection to connected equipment in close proximity. For example, protection fitted ...
... Therefore, the importance of surge protection must be stressed. Awareness of this often takes place after extensive damage to process control systems. In addition, surge protection must be recognised to only provide protection to connected equipment in close proximity. For example, protection fitted ...
Protective relay
In electrical engineering, a protective relay is a device designed to trip a circuit breaker when a fault is detected. The first protective relays were electromagnetic devices, relying on coils operating on moving parts to provide detection of abnormal operating conditions such as over-current, over-voltage, reverse power flow, over- and under- frequency. Microprocessor-based digital protection relays now emulate the original devices, as well as providing types of protection and supervision impractical with electromechanical relays. In many cases a single microprocessor relay provides functions that would take two or more electromechanical devices. By combining several functions in one case, numerical relays also save capital cost and maintenance cost over electromechanical relays. However, due to their very long life span, tens of thousands of these ""silent sentinels"" are still protecting transmission lines and electrical apparatus all over the world. An important transmission line or generator unit will have cubicles dedicated to protection, with many individual electromechanical devices, or one or two microprocessor relays.The theory and application of these protective devices is an important part of the education of an electrical engineer who specializes in power systems. The need to act quickly to protect circuits and equipment as well as the general public often requires protective relays to respond and trip a breaker within a few thousandths of a second. In these cases it is critical that the protective relays are properly maintained and regularly tested.