Establishing and Testing Conditioned Reinforcers
... However, these stimuli and access to food became available only after a variable number of responses were emitted (i.e., VR schedule). During the testing phase, food reinforcers were completely removed and only the buzzer and door opening were produced for responding on a newly introduced lever. Aga ...
... However, these stimuli and access to food became available only after a variable number of responses were emitted (i.e., VR schedule). During the testing phase, food reinforcers were completely removed and only the buzzer and door opening were produced for responding on a newly introduced lever. Aga ...
NIH Public Access - Rutgers University Department of Psychology
... (Figure 2A). During each trial, a question mark was presented in the center of the ‘card’ (a white rectangle projected in a black screen), indicating that participants had 3.5 s to make a response. Participants could chose either higher (possible outcomes: 6, 7, 8 and 9) or lower (possible outcomes: ...
... (Figure 2A). During each trial, a question mark was presented in the center of the ‘card’ (a white rectangle projected in a black screen), indicating that participants had 3.5 s to make a response. Participants could chose either higher (possible outcomes: 6, 7, 8 and 9) or lower (possible outcomes: ...
Astrology and Meaningfulness:
... feeling of the meaning of life is my studies of astrology and my studies of how the universe seems to chime with the efforts of people as they open themselves to a spiritual direction. So I believe there are no coincidences. I believe everything happens for a purpose. If somebody has a stroke, it m ...
... feeling of the meaning of life is my studies of astrology and my studies of how the universe seems to chime with the efforts of people as they open themselves to a spiritual direction. So I believe there are no coincidences. I believe everything happens for a purpose. If somebody has a stroke, it m ...
Fig 1 - Reading`s CentAUR
... of discrimination, suggesting greater threat generalization, are found for patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [12], panic disorder [13] and generalized anxiety disorder [14, 15]. Currently, it is still under debate whether threat generalization behavior exists before disorder onset ...
... of discrimination, suggesting greater threat generalization, are found for patients with post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) [12], panic disorder [13] and generalized anxiety disorder [14, 15]. Currently, it is still under debate whether threat generalization behavior exists before disorder onset ...
a full bladder is sometimes a boon
... impulses is not stable, but varies. One condition known to make self-control more difficult is the prior arousal of visceral factors (Loewenstein, 1996). The effects of these visceral factors have been shown not to be bound by the visceral domain. For example, Briers et al. (2006) showed that hunger ...
... impulses is not stable, but varies. One condition known to make self-control more difficult is the prior arousal of visceral factors (Loewenstein, 1996). The effects of these visceral factors have been shown not to be bound by the visceral domain. For example, Briers et al. (2006) showed that hunger ...
Social equality in the number of choice options is represented in the
... Participants were told that the amount of a reward per trial in the practice was set to 500 ...
... Participants were told that the amount of a reward per trial in the practice was set to 500 ...
Spontaneous default mode network phase
... subjective appraisals of performance under stereotype threat. If stereotype threat promotes greater vigilance to performance errors and a more negative interpretation of performance as reviewed above, then even in circumstances where performance is not actually impaired, one’s subjective appraisal a ...
... subjective appraisals of performance under stereotype threat. If stereotype threat promotes greater vigilance to performance errors and a more negative interpretation of performance as reviewed above, then even in circumstances where performance is not actually impaired, one’s subjective appraisal a ...
Facial Expression Recognition, Fear Conditioning, and Startle
... Confusion matrices showing which emotion labels were selected if the target emotion was misidentified are provided in Table S1A and Table S1B in Supplement 1. The anger and disgust recognition deficits were still significant (both p ⫽ .03; r ⫽ .30 and r ⫽ .31, respectively) after equating groups on ...
... Confusion matrices showing which emotion labels were selected if the target emotion was misidentified are provided in Table S1A and Table S1B in Supplement 1. The anger and disgust recognition deficits were still significant (both p ⫽ .03; r ⫽ .30 and r ⫽ .31, respectively) after equating groups on ...
The Effects of Nonverbal Reinforcement on Questionnaire Responses
... was indicated that examiners should be alert to the fact that even under presumably 'standardized' conditions, it is possible for their behavior to be reflected in test results (Wickes, 1956). The two hypotheses tested were that test results would be significantly modified by the perfunctory, verbal ...
... was indicated that examiners should be alert to the fact that even under presumably 'standardized' conditions, it is possible for their behavior to be reflected in test results (Wickes, 1956). The two hypotheses tested were that test results would be significantly modified by the perfunctory, verbal ...
The Role of Outcome Divergence in Goal
... distribution, while the other two actions shared the other distribution. This yielded a low (zero) outcome divergence for pairs in which the two actions shared the same probability distribution (as in Figure 1a), and a high (0.49) outcome divergence for pairs in which actions had different outcome p ...
... distribution, while the other two actions shared the other distribution. This yielded a low (zero) outcome divergence for pairs in which the two actions shared the same probability distribution (as in Figure 1a), and a high (0.49) outcome divergence for pairs in which actions had different outcome p ...
values education in preschool
... • Value education helps people to develop values and serve to establish an individual fulfilling life. (Kirschenbaum, 1995). • What teachers’ perceive as good or bad, what they like or did not like can be seen as hidden education in the classroom and at school through values education. ...
... • Value education helps people to develop values and serve to establish an individual fulfilling life. (Kirschenbaum, 1995). • What teachers’ perceive as good or bad, what they like or did not like can be seen as hidden education in the classroom and at school through values education. ...
View - OhioLINK ETD
... research suggesting that language provides humans with the ability to integrate information across various domains. According to Carruthers (2002), animals and pre-linguisitic humans lack the ability to integrate different kinds of information into a single, coherent whole. For example, early humans ...
... research suggesting that language provides humans with the ability to integrate information across various domains. According to Carruthers (2002), animals and pre-linguisitic humans lack the ability to integrate different kinds of information into a single, coherent whole. For example, early humans ...
Modifying interpretations among individuals high in anxiety sensitivity
... which is the critical outcome to indicate changes in emotional vulnerability. For example, Wilson, MacLeod, Mathews, & Rutherford (2006) found that Positive interpretation training resulted in less anxiety following a video stressor. Interpretation training is thus expected to affect subsequent leve ...
... which is the critical outcome to indicate changes in emotional vulnerability. For example, Wilson, MacLeod, Mathews, & Rutherford (2006) found that Positive interpretation training resulted in less anxiety following a video stressor. Interpretation training is thus expected to affect subsequent leve ...
The Dopamine Transporter and Risk-Taking Behavior
... actions. Dopamine is a major component of the reward pathway and therefore plays a fundamental role in RDS. DAT is responsible for DA re-uptake from the extracellular space after it has been released. In a way, it is recycling DA. The amount of DA available in the extracellular space after accounti ...
... actions. Dopamine is a major component of the reward pathway and therefore plays a fundamental role in RDS. DAT is responsible for DA re-uptake from the extracellular space after it has been released. In a way, it is recycling DA. The amount of DA available in the extracellular space after accounti ...
EFFECTS OF HABITUATION TO AN UNCONDITIONED STIMULUS
... Alternatively, the noise the participants heard may not have been aversive enough to startle participants and cause them to change their rate of bar pressing. If this were true, participants may have learned that the light predicts the noise, however since the noise did not cause them to startle the ...
... Alternatively, the noise the participants heard may not have been aversive enough to startle participants and cause them to change their rate of bar pressing. If this were true, participants may have learned that the light predicts the noise, however since the noise did not cause them to startle the ...
Sample APA-style paper 1-way design
... and “She could not learn to read or speak.” Half of the participants read the paragraph by itself, and half of them read it with the title Helen Keller’s Early Years above it. All of the participants then read a list of sentences and indicated which ones they believed actually appeared in the passag ...
... and “She could not learn to read or speak.” Half of the participants read the paragraph by itself, and half of them read it with the title Helen Keller’s Early Years above it. All of the participants then read a list of sentences and indicated which ones they believed actually appeared in the passag ...
Acute Stress Eliminates Female Advantage in
... Abstract: The human stress response evolved to maximize an individual’s probability of survival when threatened. The present study addressed whether physical danger modulates perception of an unrelated ambiguous threat and, if so, to what extent this response is sexspecific. The authors utilized a f ...
... Abstract: The human stress response evolved to maximize an individual’s probability of survival when threatened. The present study addressed whether physical danger modulates perception of an unrelated ambiguous threat and, if so, to what extent this response is sexspecific. The authors utilized a f ...
AP Psychology - School District of Clayton
... • What is the dopamine hypothesis regarding the origin of schizophrenia? • Describe how medications used to treat schizophrenia affect the actions of neurotransmitters at the synapses. • Identify a risk inherant in using medications in the treatment of schizophrenia. • People sometimes confuse schiz ...
... • What is the dopamine hypothesis regarding the origin of schizophrenia? • Describe how medications used to treat schizophrenia affect the actions of neurotransmitters at the synapses. • Identify a risk inherant in using medications in the treatment of schizophrenia. • People sometimes confuse schiz ...
Eyewitness Testimony
... remove the need to store similar information more than once. For example, if you think about a kitchen, you will probably find that your idea of kitchens includes features like a cooker, a fridge, cupboards, work surfaces and so on. Your schema for 'kitchen' includes these features, because you have ...
... remove the need to store similar information more than once. For example, if you think about a kitchen, you will probably find that your idea of kitchens includes features like a cooker, a fridge, cupboards, work surfaces and so on. Your schema for 'kitchen' includes these features, because you have ...
Do multicultural experiences foster creativity?
... among Canadians and when I am among Indians. I do things the Indian way. My attitudes and behaviours are consistent with Indian norms and values. I think and act like an Indian when I am among Indians and when I am among Canadians. I do some things the Canadian way and some things the Indian way. So ...
... among Canadians and when I am among Indians. I do things the Indian way. My attitudes and behaviours are consistent with Indian norms and values. I think and act like an Indian when I am among Indians and when I am among Canadians. I do some things the Canadian way and some things the Indian way. So ...
Reflection Paper
... computer program, asked to identify their support or opposition to each candidate, and then filled out an 11-point likert-type measure to quantify their support or opposition from “strongly oppose” to “strongly support”. Immediately following this, each participant was exposed to an article describ ...
... computer program, asked to identify their support or opposition to each candidate, and then filled out an 11-point likert-type measure to quantify their support or opposition from “strongly oppose” to “strongly support”. Immediately following this, each participant was exposed to an article describ ...
File
... 2. Explanation – they seek to explain why. Hypothesis – an educated guess about some phenomenon. Theory – a complex explanation based on findings from a large number of experimental studies. Theories change as more information is gathered. 3. Prediction – 3rd goal is to predict, form the knowledge g ...
... 2. Explanation – they seek to explain why. Hypothesis – an educated guess about some phenomenon. Theory – a complex explanation based on findings from a large number of experimental studies. Theories change as more information is gathered. 3. Prediction – 3rd goal is to predict, form the knowledge g ...
How to write and AP Psych Essay
... Maslow’s hierarchy of needs 6. The Smith-Garcias are planning for their first baby. Both parents-to-be have had a psychology course and are looking forward to applying the principles they learned from theories and research that address child development. A) Summarize one main idea or finding of ea ...
... Maslow’s hierarchy of needs 6. The Smith-Garcias are planning for their first baby. Both parents-to-be have had a psychology course and are looking forward to applying the principles they learned from theories and research that address child development. A) Summarize one main idea or finding of ea ...
IB Psychology Internal Assessment
... The IA for SL IB Psych requires students to undertake a partial replication of a simple experiment. The purpose of the IA is for students to experience the research process by practicing sound research methodology. Students must turn in a formal write up for the experiment with title page, abstract, ...
... The IA for SL IB Psych requires students to undertake a partial replication of a simple experiment. The purpose of the IA is for students to experience the research process by practicing sound research methodology. Students must turn in a formal write up for the experiment with title page, abstract, ...