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... cost of carbon –respondents recommended rates lower than (or roughly equal to the lower ranges of) those used by the U.S. government in these calculations. Given these results, it is unsurprising that our findings revealed a strong consensus that the SCC should be greater than or equal to the curren ...
... cost of carbon –respondents recommended rates lower than (or roughly equal to the lower ranges of) those used by the U.S. government in these calculations. Given these results, it is unsurprising that our findings revealed a strong consensus that the SCC should be greater than or equal to the curren ...
Sierra Leone Climate Action Report
... quantified target. Therefore, through their INDC, Sierra Leone intends to maintain its emission levels to be relatively low (close to the world average of 7.58 MtCO2e) by 2035 or neutral by 2050 through the reduction of the country’s carbon footprint and by following green growth pathways in all eco ...
... quantified target. Therefore, through their INDC, Sierra Leone intends to maintain its emission levels to be relatively low (close to the world average of 7.58 MtCO2e) by 2035 or neutral by 2050 through the reduction of the country’s carbon footprint and by following green growth pathways in all eco ...
Why Maintaining Tropical Forests Is Essential and Urgent for a Stable Climate
... and (v) greater dependence on achieving a net sink in greenhouse gases within a few decades (and the technologies required for negative emissions may have severe negative impacts) (UNEP 2013). There is a large ‘gap’ between emissions reductions expected from current national pledges and commitments ...
... and (v) greater dependence on achieving a net sink in greenhouse gases within a few decades (and the technologies required for negative emissions may have severe negative impacts) (UNEP 2013). There is a large ‘gap’ between emissions reductions expected from current national pledges and commitments ...
The Potential Contribution of the 2010 Exploratory Study among Tourism Industry
... According to these studies, the type of activities done and attractions visited that had the highest consumption as well as highest CO2 emissions were (ranked from the highest CO2 emissions): air activity; motorized water activity; adventure recreation; nature recreation; nature attractions and buil ...
... According to these studies, the type of activities done and attractions visited that had the highest consumption as well as highest CO2 emissions were (ranked from the highest CO2 emissions): air activity; motorized water activity; adventure recreation; nature recreation; nature attractions and buil ...
Economics of Climate Change Kenya
... (population and economic growth). The study has assessed these changes and finds that in the absence of adaptation, these drivers could increase the costs of events by a factor of five by 2030, i.e. a periodic large-scale event could have direct economic costs of $5 to 10 billion. A key priority the ...
... (population and economic growth). The study has assessed these changes and finds that in the absence of adaptation, these drivers could increase the costs of events by a factor of five by 2030, i.e. a periodic large-scale event could have direct economic costs of $5 to 10 billion. A key priority the ...
Climate Security and Justice for Small Island Developing States
... and limited financial resources. At present, funding for such projects mainly comes from regional and international organizations. Adaptation projects are being implemented within the UNFCCC context by UN entities, which also serve as Global Environment Facility (GEF) implementing agencies, and by mu ...
... and limited financial resources. At present, funding for such projects mainly comes from regional and international organizations. Adaptation projects are being implemented within the UNFCCC context by UN entities, which also serve as Global Environment Facility (GEF) implementing agencies, and by mu ...
Reducing Risks, Enhancing Resilience
... are especially vulnerable, excluded and marginalised. It is equally about engagement with support structures and institutions, including households, communities, local and national governments, and international organisations, to minimise adverse impacts and reduce or mitigate the risks that directl ...
... are especially vulnerable, excluded and marginalised. It is equally about engagement with support structures and institutions, including households, communities, local and national governments, and international organisations, to minimise adverse impacts and reduce or mitigate the risks that directl ...
Civil war, climate change and development: A scenario
... highest expected per capita income in 2100. Figure 2 shows the global mean temperature over the 21st century. It is assumed to rise from 0.8 ºC to 3.1-3.7ºC over the course of the century. The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide is highest in the A2 scenario but so are sulphur emissions; the ...
... highest expected per capita income in 2100. Figure 2 shows the global mean temperature over the 21st century. It is assumed to rise from 0.8 ºC to 3.1-3.7ºC over the course of the century. The atmospheric concentration of carbon dioxide is highest in the A2 scenario but so are sulphur emissions; the ...
An HSI Report: The Impact of Animal Agriculture on Global Warming
... Causes of Global Warming and Climate Change As discussed, changes in climate can be influenced by both natural and human factors.43 One natural warming phenomenon is the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is a blanketing effect by which atmospheric greenhouse gases keep the earth’s surface war ...
... Causes of Global Warming and Climate Change As discussed, changes in climate can be influenced by both natural and human factors.43 One natural warming phenomenon is the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is a blanketing effect by which atmospheric greenhouse gases keep the earth’s surface war ...
1 UNIT 4 The West, the Rest, and Climate Change Student`s File (4
... thereby hampering their drive toward economic development. They have committed themselves to crafting joint positions in the World Trade Organization (WTO) and global trade negotiations in the hope that this might increase their leverage over developed states. These states would like to see further ...
... thereby hampering their drive toward economic development. They have committed themselves to crafting joint positions in the World Trade Organization (WTO) and global trade negotiations in the hope that this might increase their leverage over developed states. These states would like to see further ...
Transitioning towards a low-carbon economy in Mexico
... Energy resources are essential inputs for most economic activities. Understanding the dynamics of anthropogenic climate change means taking into account the complex relationship between economic activity and environmental impact linked to fossil fuel consumption and GHG emissions. On the one hand, t ...
... Energy resources are essential inputs for most economic activities. Understanding the dynamics of anthropogenic climate change means taking into account the complex relationship between economic activity and environmental impact linked to fossil fuel consumption and GHG emissions. On the one hand, t ...
FOR PARTICIPANTS ONLY MPDD/CSN/HLAPPD/APOA/2013 ENGLISH ONLY
... The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio +20) that took place in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20-22 June 2012 agreed on a political outcome document “The Future We Want” (UN, 2012) that has important implications for the work of the United Nations system, including in shaping th ...
... The United Nations Conference on Sustainable Development (Rio +20) that took place in Rio de Janeiro, Brazil, from 20-22 June 2012 agreed on a political outcome document “The Future We Want” (UN, 2012) that has important implications for the work of the United Nations system, including in shaping th ...
Working Paper 7: Climate Change and Agriculture: Analysis of
... forests) by agricultural producers. High cost of agricultural inputs, poor access to credit facilities and high cost of establishing efficient irrigation systems have all contributed to decrease in production per hectare and overall increase in poverty rates among rural populations in the continent. ...
... forests) by agricultural producers. High cost of agricultural inputs, poor access to credit facilities and high cost of establishing efficient irrigation systems have all contributed to decrease in production per hectare and overall increase in poverty rates among rural populations in the continent. ...
Climate Change and Food Systems
... contribution from fertilizer manufacture in China (Figure 1). Adding the figures across the aggregate global food chain, and assuming a growth in emissions of 3% per year, gives the total global GHG emissions for the year 2008 in the range of 9,800 to 16,900 megatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (M ...
... contribution from fertilizer manufacture in China (Figure 1). Adding the figures across the aggregate global food chain, and assuming a growth in emissions of 3% per year, gives the total global GHG emissions for the year 2008 in the range of 9,800 to 16,900 megatonnes of carbon dioxide equivalent (M ...
The impact of high-end climate change on agricultural welfare
... sensitive to climate change (2). Even a small increase of 1° to 2°C in GMT can have significant negative effects on crop yields, especially in the tropics (3–5). In many developing regions, agriculture is of major importance for national economic performance, for example, as expressed by its share i ...
... sensitive to climate change (2). Even a small increase of 1° to 2°C in GMT can have significant negative effects on crop yields, especially in the tropics (3–5). In many developing regions, agriculture is of major importance for national economic performance, for example, as expressed by its share i ...
ProClim– Flash - Naturwissenschaften Schweiz
... confirms previous findings from AR4. • Risks result from a combination of hazard, exposure and vulnerability. • Generally: The warmer it gets the more nega tive impacts dominate and the higher the risks become. • Risks differ among social groups, regions, and sectors. • Adaptation can reduce ri ...
... confirms previous findings from AR4. • Risks result from a combination of hazard, exposure and vulnerability. • Generally: The warmer it gets the more nega tive impacts dominate and the higher the risks become. • Risks differ among social groups, regions, and sectors. • Adaptation can reduce ri ...
Economic Impacts of Climate Change on Secondary Activities: A
... growth effects will even grow to –1.3% and –1.5% to –2.01% if we include one and three, five, or ten lagged temperature effects respectively. A 1˚C higher temperature in poor countries is not only associated with 2.44 percentage points lower growth in industrial output but also with –3% growths in i ...
... growth effects will even grow to –1.3% and –1.5% to –2.01% if we include one and three, five, or ten lagged temperature effects respectively. A 1˚C higher temperature in poor countries is not only associated with 2.44 percentage points lower growth in industrial output but also with –3% growths in i ...
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... A major shift in the context for all primary industries policies to ‘climate change’, irrespective of whether the component policies appear to be little changed is articulated in the policy papers. The detail of climate change policy awaits the Climate Change Review by Professor Ross Garnaut in mid- ...
... A major shift in the context for all primary industries policies to ‘climate change’, irrespective of whether the component policies appear to be little changed is articulated in the policy papers. The detail of climate change policy awaits the Climate Change Review by Professor Ross Garnaut in mid- ...
Malaysia`s First National Communication
... n behalf of the Malaysian Government, I am pleased to present the Initial National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The National Communication outlines Malaysia’s efforts in addressing the causes and impacts of climate change, and the various strat ...
... n behalf of the Malaysian Government, I am pleased to present the Initial National Communication to the United Nations Framework Convention on Climate Change (UNFCCC). The National Communication outlines Malaysia’s efforts in addressing the causes and impacts of climate change, and the various strat ...
Top-level Research Initiative
... be extended, with higher crop yields, and forests will grow more quickly. The objective of the sub-programme «Effect studies and adaptation to climate change» is to generate more knowledge about the impacts of climate change. What threats may arise? What are the adaptation capacities of society? Wha ...
... be extended, with higher crop yields, and forests will grow more quickly. The objective of the sub-programme «Effect studies and adaptation to climate change» is to generate more knowledge about the impacts of climate change. What threats may arise? What are the adaptation capacities of society? Wha ...
Animal Agriculture and Climate Change
... regions.13 Some natural occurrences, such as changes in solar output and volcanic eruptions, can affect climate change;14 however, ―the leading international body for the assessment of climate change‖15 concluded in its Fourth Assessment Report (AR4)that a majority of the increase in temperature ove ...
... regions.13 Some natural occurrences, such as changes in solar output and volcanic eruptions, can affect climate change;14 however, ―the leading international body for the assessment of climate change‖15 concluded in its Fourth Assessment Report (AR4)that a majority of the increase in temperature ove ...
Impacts of climate variability and change on fishery
... the theory and practice of development economics, has been widely adopted in development policy research to achieve a more accurate understanding of natural resource management systems [40]. In the climate variability and change literature the concept of livelihoods is employed to understand the vul ...
... the theory and practice of development economics, has been widely adopted in development policy research to achieve a more accurate understanding of natural resource management systems [40]. In the climate variability and change literature the concept of livelihoods is employed to understand the vul ...
Climate Change and Cities in Africa
... created in 1988. It defines climate change as, “a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g. using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. It refers to any change i ...
... created in 1988. It defines climate change as, “a change in the state of the climate that can be identified (e.g. using statistical tests) by changes in the mean and/or the variability of its properties, and that persists for an extended period, typically decades or longer. It refers to any change i ...
now - Melton Borough Council
... blockages and significant power failures. There was substantial damage to infrastructure and much economic disruption, with early estimates of losses exceeding £450 million. According to a recent report from the Association of British Insurers “Climate change could increase the annual costs of flood ...
... blockages and significant power failures. There was substantial damage to infrastructure and much economic disruption, with early estimates of losses exceeding £450 million. According to a recent report from the Association of British Insurers “Climate change could increase the annual costs of flood ...
How to motivate people about climate change
... condition (heteroskedasticity robust OLS t-statistic: 2.207, p-value: 0.028, Cohen’s d: 0.16; see “SI: Table S1” for a table of the regression results presented in the main text) (White 1980). This translates into a 7 % increase in donations relative to the control group. The collective task also el ...
... condition (heteroskedasticity robust OLS t-statistic: 2.207, p-value: 0.028, Cohen’s d: 0.16; see “SI: Table S1” for a table of the regression results presented in the main text) (White 1980). This translates into a 7 % increase in donations relative to the control group. The collective task also el ...
Economics of climate change mitigation
This article is about the economics of climate change mitigation. Mitigation of climate change involves actions that are designed to limit the amount of long-term climate change (Fisher et al.., 2007:225). Mitigation may be achieved through the reduction of greenhouse gas (GHG) emissions or through the enhancement of sinks that absorb GHGs, for example forests.