Thermal equilibrium states for quantum fields on
... Poincaré group. Adjoint action with U (a, Λ) on a field operator φθ yields φΛθΛ−1 (which is compatible with (1.1)) but more importantly, is another well-defined field operator on the same Hilbert space H. It is thus possible to make the theory covariant, by not just taking field operators φθ for som ...
... Poincaré group. Adjoint action with U (a, Λ) on a field operator φθ yields φΛθΛ−1 (which is compatible with (1.1)) but more importantly, is another well-defined field operator on the same Hilbert space H. It is thus possible to make the theory covariant, by not just taking field operators φθ for som ...
11095_2015_1681_MOESM1_ESM
... nanoparticle agglomeration during solvent evaporation and after particle formation, respectively. The absence of large aggregates is indicated by minimal differences of mean particle size and polydispersity index between the three independent runs for each stabilizer concentration before removal of ...
... nanoparticle agglomeration during solvent evaporation and after particle formation, respectively. The absence of large aggregates is indicated by minimal differences of mean particle size and polydispersity index between the three independent runs for each stabilizer concentration before removal of ...
Exponential Operator Algebra
... What is the Wave Function of a Swinging Pendulum? Consider a macroscopic simple harmonic oscillator, and to keep things simple assume there are no interactions with the rest of the universe. We know how to describe the motion using classical mechanics: for a given initial position and momentum, clas ...
... What is the Wave Function of a Swinging Pendulum? Consider a macroscopic simple harmonic oscillator, and to keep things simple assume there are no interactions with the rest of the universe. We know how to describe the motion using classical mechanics: for a given initial position and momentum, clas ...
Completely positive post-Markovian master equation via a
... The inequality 共11兲 is a necessary and sufficient condition for our map to be CP. Because the functions k共t兲 are given in terms of the memory kernel k共t兲 through Eq. 共9兲, this inequality results in a condition on k共t兲, which can be checked in order to verify that a given such kernel results in a CP ...
... The inequality 共11兲 is a necessary and sufficient condition for our map to be CP. Because the functions k共t兲 are given in terms of the memory kernel k共t兲 through Eq. 共9兲, this inequality results in a condition on k共t兲, which can be checked in order to verify that a given such kernel results in a CP ...
Black Holes and the Decay of the Universe
... The conical deficit has a delta function in the Ricci tensor (caveat – no transverse energy momentum, metric a product space) so can compute the action: ...
... The conical deficit has a delta function in the Ricci tensor (caveat – no transverse energy momentum, metric a product space) so can compute the action: ...
Loop quantum gravity - Institute for Gravitation and the Cosmos
... of a “wavefunction over geometries”. integer numbers) are the quantum numbers that acceleration in Newton’s second law is determine the area of the elementary surfaces This is a function that expresses the not with respect to an absolute back- separating adjacent grains of space. The quantum probabi ...
... of a “wavefunction over geometries”. integer numbers) are the quantum numbers that acceleration in Newton’s second law is determine the area of the elementary surfaces This is a function that expresses the not with respect to an absolute back- separating adjacent grains of space. The quantum probabi ...
The role of the electromagnetic field in the formation of domains in
... symmetry breakdown a crucial rôle is played by the well known Anderson-Higgs-Kibble (AHK) mechanism10,11 , where the gauge field is expelled out of the ordered domains and confined, through self-focusing propagation, into ”normal” regions, such as the vortex core, having a vanishing order parameter ...
... symmetry breakdown a crucial rôle is played by the well known Anderson-Higgs-Kibble (AHK) mechanism10,11 , where the gauge field is expelled out of the ordered domains and confined, through self-focusing propagation, into ”normal” regions, such as the vortex core, having a vanishing order parameter ...
1 The Fourier Transform
... This is the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for a free particle, i.e., where V = 0, written in the position representation. This shows that plane waves exp(ikx − iωt) are eigenfunctions of the free particle Hamiltonian. The probability of finding a particle at position x is proportional to the ...
... This is the time-dependent Schrödinger equation for a free particle, i.e., where V = 0, written in the position representation. This shows that plane waves exp(ikx − iωt) are eigenfunctions of the free particle Hamiltonian. The probability of finding a particle at position x is proportional to the ...
Aalborg Universitet
... Remark 2.1. For any L < ∞ and η > 0, the operators {KL,η (t)}t∈R are self-adjoint in HL , having a common domain equal to HD (XL ). They are strongly differentiable with respect to t ∈ R with a bounded self-adjoint derivative ∂t KL,η (t) = η χ(ηt)V (Q). The following result is standard and we state ...
... Remark 2.1. For any L < ∞ and η > 0, the operators {KL,η (t)}t∈R are self-adjoint in HL , having a common domain equal to HD (XL ). They are strongly differentiable with respect to t ∈ R with a bounded self-adjoint derivative ∂t KL,η (t) = η χ(ηt)V (Q). The following result is standard and we state ...
Chapter 13 Ideal Fermi gas
... Consider a gas of N non-interacting fermions, e.g., electrons, whose one-particle wavefunctions ϕr (~r) are plane-waves. In this case, a complete set of quantum numbers r is given, for instance, by the 3 cartesian components of the wave vector ~k and the z spin projection ms of an electron: r ≡ (kx ...
... Consider a gas of N non-interacting fermions, e.g., electrons, whose one-particle wavefunctions ϕr (~r) are plane-waves. In this case, a complete set of quantum numbers r is given, for instance, by the 3 cartesian components of the wave vector ~k and the z spin projection ms of an electron: r ≡ (kx ...
