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Copenhagen Interpretation
Copenhagen Interpretation

... There exist paired quantities… the combined uncertainty of which will remain above a set level. MOMENTUM vs. POSITION ENERGY CONTENT vs. TIME ...
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... N.L. Manakov and L.P. Rapoport, Sov. Phys. JETP 42, 430 (1976) I.J. Berson, J. Phys. B 8, 3078 (1975) N.L. Manakov and A.G. Fainshtein, Sov. Phys. JETP 52, 382 (1981) W. Elberfeld and M. Kleber, Z. Phys. B 73, 23 (1988) W. Becker, S. Long, and J.K. McIver, Phys. Rev. A 41, 4112 (1990) F.H.M. Faisal, ...
BSPH 111 - Refresher Chemistry
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... An atom consists of a nucleus of protons and neutrons, surrounded by electrons. Each of the elements in the periodic table is classified according to its atomic number, which is the number of protons in that element's nucleus. Protons have a charge of +1, electrons have a charge of -1, and neutrons ...
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... Bohr reasoned that there must be a number of distinct energy levels within the atom. Each energy level has a principal quantum number n, where n is always an integer. The lowest level is n = 1 and is closest to the nucleus. Electrons release energy in discrete amounts that form discrete lines in the ...
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... relativity conditions and ignoring relativity. I found that under relativity conditions, all electron orbitals appear to overlap in each individual atom, not just in the hydrogen atom. This explains why we can observe the physical world and solid matter, even though matter is mostly empty space. Und ...
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... state will be pumped to the excited state. They will emit a photon and return to the ground state. • A photodiode will be used to be detect these photons. • To observe the Rabi flopping, we will run the experiment, measure, reset, and run again. ...
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University of Lusaka
University of Lusaka

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Electron configuration



In atomic physics and quantum chemistry, the electron configuration is the distribution of electrons of an atom or molecule (or other physical structure) in atomic or molecular orbitals. For example, the electron configuration of the neon atom is 1s2 2s2 2p6.Electronic configurations describe electrons as each moving independently in an orbital, in an average field created by all other orbitals. Mathematically, configurations are described by Slater determinants or configuration state functions.According to the laws of quantum mechanics, for systems with only one electron, an energy is associated with each electron configuration and, upon certain conditions, electrons are able to move from one configuration to another by the emission or absorption of a quantum of energy, in the form of a photon.Knowledge of the electron configuration of different atoms is useful in understanding the structure of the periodic table of elements. The concept is also useful for describing the chemical bonds that hold atoms together. In bulk materials, this same idea helps explain the peculiar properties of lasers and semiconductors.
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