Atomic Physics - Teaching Commons Guide for MERLOT
... Atomic physics may loosely be defined as the scientific study of the structure of the atom, its energy states, and its interactions with other particles and fields. Learning Atomic Physics is important not only for understanding the physics of the atom but also the technological applications thereof ...
... Atomic physics may loosely be defined as the scientific study of the structure of the atom, its energy states, and its interactions with other particles and fields. Learning Atomic Physics is important not only for understanding the physics of the atom but also the technological applications thereof ...
density functional theory
... to such an exchange. This corresponds to bosons (particles with integer or zero spin). The other possibility is an anti-symmetrical wave function, where an exchange of two particles causes a sign change, which corresponds to fermions (particles which halfinteger spin). ...
... to such an exchange. This corresponds to bosons (particles with integer or zero spin). The other possibility is an anti-symmetrical wave function, where an exchange of two particles causes a sign change, which corresponds to fermions (particles which halfinteger spin). ...
Chapter 2
... • An element is a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions • A compound is a substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio • A compound has characteristics different from those of its elements ...
... • An element is a substance that cannot be broken down to other substances by chemical reactions • A compound is a substance consisting of two or more elements in a fixed ratio • A compound has characteristics different from those of its elements ...
1. Wave Packet and Heisenberg Uncertainty Relations En
... 4. Planck’s constant Planck’s constant has the same units as A: frequency, B: the Hamiltonian, C: angular momentum, D: de Broglie wavelength, E: momentum. Solution: C Recall that e.g. the eigenvalue of the orbital angular momentum is Lz = mh̄, where m is a dimensionless quantum number. 5. The Dipole ...
... 4. Planck’s constant Planck’s constant has the same units as A: frequency, B: the Hamiltonian, C: angular momentum, D: de Broglie wavelength, E: momentum. Solution: C Recall that e.g. the eigenvalue of the orbital angular momentum is Lz = mh̄, where m is a dimensionless quantum number. 5. The Dipole ...
chem481chp
... has the same number of bonds. We can determine which is better by determining which has the least formal charge. It takes energy to get a separation of charge in the molecule (as indicated by the formal charge) so the structure with the least formal charge should be lower in energy and thereby be th ...
... has the same number of bonds. We can determine which is better by determining which has the least formal charge. It takes energy to get a separation of charge in the molecule (as indicated by the formal charge) so the structure with the least formal charge should be lower in energy and thereby be th ...
Reflection from a potential step (PPT - 8.5MB)
... (finite to avoid infinite probability density) (x) must be continuous, with finite d /dx (because d /dx is related to the momentum density) In regions with finite potential, d /dx must be continuous (with finite d2 /dx2, to avoid infinite energies) There is usually no significance to the overa ...
... (finite to avoid infinite probability density) (x) must be continuous, with finite d /dx (because d /dx is related to the momentum density) In regions with finite potential, d /dx must be continuous (with finite d2 /dx2, to avoid infinite energies) There is usually no significance to the overa ...
量子力學發展史
... Some are best explained by the wave model We must accept both models and admit that the true nature of light is not describable in terms of any single classical model Light has a dual nature in that it exhibits both wave and particle characteristics The particle model and the wave model of light ...
... Some are best explained by the wave model We must accept both models and admit that the true nature of light is not describable in terms of any single classical model Light has a dual nature in that it exhibits both wave and particle characteristics The particle model and the wave model of light ...
II: Experimental Atomic Spectroscopy
... ±1,..., ± ) for a given n which lead to the same eigenvalue. There is a certain amount of degeneracy. An additional quantum number ms is needed to describe the electron spin. For the alkali “one-electron” atoms the spin-orbit coupling produces an appreciable splitting of all but the = 0 lines wi ...
... ±1,..., ± ) for a given n which lead to the same eigenvalue. There is a certain amount of degeneracy. An additional quantum number ms is needed to describe the electron spin. For the alkali “one-electron” atoms the spin-orbit coupling produces an appreciable splitting of all but the = 0 lines wi ...
Electron Spin or “Classically Non-Describable Two - Philsci
... ~ and ~J are These notions continue to make sense in non-stationary situations if M slowly changing (compared to other timescales set by the given problem), or in (quasi) ~ and ~J are replaced by their time averages, or in mixtures of periodic situations if M ~ rapidly precesses around ~J (as in tho ...
... ~ and ~J are These notions continue to make sense in non-stationary situations if M slowly changing (compared to other timescales set by the given problem), or in (quasi) ~ and ~J are replaced by their time averages, or in mixtures of periodic situations if M ~ rapidly precesses around ~J (as in tho ...
a < 0
... potential inside a crystal - Possibility to switch off suddenly the optical potential - Possibility to vary the depth of the periodic potential well by changing the laser intensity - Possibility to change the spatial period of the potential by changing the angle between the 2 running laser waves - P ...
... potential inside a crystal - Possibility to switch off suddenly the optical potential - Possibility to vary the depth of the periodic potential well by changing the laser intensity - Possibility to change the spatial period of the potential by changing the angle between the 2 running laser waves - P ...
Discoveries: Atoms to Quarks
... It is impossible to know which aperture the photon traversed The photon can be described as a coherent superposition of two states ...
... It is impossible to know which aperture the photon traversed The photon can be described as a coherent superposition of two states ...
Questions - SMK Raja Perempuan Ipoh
... 2.4 THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM 1. The elektron are filled in specific shells. Every shell can be filled only with a certain number of electrons. For the elements with proton number 1-20:First shell can filled with a maximum of ……………. electrons Second shell can filled with a maximum of …………… ...
... 2.4 THE ELECTRONIC STRUCTURE OF AN ATOM 1. The elektron are filled in specific shells. Every shell can be filled only with a certain number of electrons. For the elements with proton number 1-20:First shell can filled with a maximum of ……………. electrons Second shell can filled with a maximum of …………… ...
States of Matter - Part II. The Three Additional States: Plasma, Bose
... This is a continuation of Part I, and contains descriptions of the three additional states of matter: Plasma, Bose-Einstein Condensates (BEC) (discovered by Ketterle, Cornell and Wiemani in 1995) and Fermionic Condensates (discovered by Jin in 2003). Plasma consisting of ions and electrons exists at ...
... This is a continuation of Part I, and contains descriptions of the three additional states of matter: Plasma, Bose-Einstein Condensates (BEC) (discovered by Ketterle, Cornell and Wiemani in 1995) and Fermionic Condensates (discovered by Jin in 2003). Plasma consisting of ions and electrons exists at ...
Atomic orbital
An atomic orbital is a mathematical function that describes the wave-like behavior of either one electron or a pair of electrons in an atom. This function can be used to calculate the probability of finding any electron of an atom in any specific region around the atom's nucleus. The term may also refer to the physical region or space where the electron can be calculated to be present, as defined by the particular mathematical form of the orbital.Each orbital in an atom is characterized by a unique set of values of the three quantum numbers n, ℓ, and m, which respectively correspond to the electron's energy, angular momentum, and an angular momentum vector component (the magnetic quantum number). Any orbital can be occupied by a maximum of two electrons, each with its own spin quantum number. The simple names s orbital, p orbital, d orbital and f orbital refer to orbitals with angular momentum quantum number ℓ = 0, 1, 2 and 3 respectively. These names, together with the value of n, are used to describe the electron configurations of atoms. They are derived from the description by early spectroscopists of certain series of alkali metal spectroscopic lines as sharp, principal, diffuse, and fundamental. Orbitals for ℓ > 3 continue alphabetically, omitting j (g, h, i, k, …).Atomic orbitals are the basic building blocks of the atomic orbital model (alternatively known as the electron cloud or wave mechanics model), a modern framework for visualizing the submicroscopic behavior of electrons in matter. In this model the electron cloud of a multi-electron atom may be seen as being built up (in approximation) in an electron configuration that is a product of simpler hydrogen-like atomic orbitals. The repeating periodicity of the blocks of 2, 6, 10, and 14 elements within sections of the periodic table arises naturally from the total number of electrons that occupy a complete set of s, p, d and f atomic orbitals, respectively.