The hydrogen atom as an entangled electron–proton system
... interaction with the other particles in an average sense. However, depending on the systems and the properties that are studied, the results of the independent particle calculations are not always sufficiently accurate. In that case it is necessary to correct for the fact that the motion of a single ...
... interaction with the other particles in an average sense. However, depending on the systems and the properties that are studied, the results of the independent particle calculations are not always sufficiently accurate. In that case it is necessary to correct for the fact that the motion of a single ...
Transition-Metal Carbides. A Comparison of Bonding in Extended
... electrons on the metal and carbide carbon atoms and to add two electrons per ligand. Hence, R~(CO)16Cp has 86 electrons, and &(CO),,C2- has 90 electrons. A review by Muetterties5 lists nineteen 86-electron octahedral clusters and four 90-electron trigonal-prismatic clusters. The only exception is a ...
... electrons on the metal and carbide carbon atoms and to add two electrons per ligand. Hence, R~(CO)16Cp has 86 electrons, and &(CO),,C2- has 90 electrons. A review by Muetterties5 lists nineteen 86-electron octahedral clusters and four 90-electron trigonal-prismatic clusters. The only exception is a ...
Second-order coupling between excited atoms and surface polaritons
... modes of the dielectric material. This corresponds to secondorder energy exchanges with the atomic transition energy matching the difference in polariton energies. To illustrate our basic idea, we consider the interaction of an atomic transition of frequency ω10 between two eigenstates |0 and |1 w ...
... modes of the dielectric material. This corresponds to secondorder energy exchanges with the atomic transition energy matching the difference in polariton energies. To illustrate our basic idea, we consider the interaction of an atomic transition of frequency ω10 between two eigenstates |0 and |1 w ...
Spintronics and Quantum Dots for Quantum Computing and
... our quantum computer proposal. There is some relation between the two if there are strong spin-orbit effects, but our intention is that conditions and materials should be chosen such that these effects are weak. Under these circumstances the spin coherence times (the time over which the phase of a s ...
... our quantum computer proposal. There is some relation between the two if there are strong spin-orbit effects, but our intention is that conditions and materials should be chosen such that these effects are weak. Under these circumstances the spin coherence times (the time over which the phase of a s ...
The Uncertainty Principle Part I
... Advanced Visual Quantum Mechanics – The Uncertainty Principle Part I 1. Introduction In classical physics, you may be familiar with the concept of uncertainty as it relates to measurement. When you measure an object’s position or momentum (or whatever) there is always some uncertainty in your measur ...
... Advanced Visual Quantum Mechanics – The Uncertainty Principle Part I 1. Introduction In classical physics, you may be familiar with the concept of uncertainty as it relates to measurement. When you measure an object’s position or momentum (or whatever) there is always some uncertainty in your measur ...
Regents Chemistry Topic Review Packet
... Atoms of an element are the same. Compounds are formed from combinations of atoms. Rutherford Experiment Bombarded gold foil with alpha particles. Showed atoms were mostly empty space with small, dense positively charged nucleus. Bohr Model Small, dense, positively charged nucleus surrou ...
... Atoms of an element are the same. Compounds are formed from combinations of atoms. Rutherford Experiment Bombarded gold foil with alpha particles. Showed atoms were mostly empty space with small, dense positively charged nucleus. Bohr Model Small, dense, positively charged nucleus surrou ...
Regents Chemistry Topic Review Packet
... Atoms of an element are the same. Compounds are formed from combinations of atoms. Rutherford Experiment Bombarded gold foil with alpha particles. Showed atoms were mostly empty space with small, dense positively charged nucleus. Bohr Model Small, dense, positively charged nucleus surrou ...
... Atoms of an element are the same. Compounds are formed from combinations of atoms. Rutherford Experiment Bombarded gold foil with alpha particles. Showed atoms were mostly empty space with small, dense positively charged nucleus. Bohr Model Small, dense, positively charged nucleus surrou ...
Evade the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle
... Consequently, in 2011, a novel, more direct tomographical method was established to determine the quantum state without the need for post-processing. However, that novel method had a major drawback: It uses minimally disturbing measurements, so-called weak measurements, to determine the system's qua ...
... Consequently, in 2011, a novel, more direct tomographical method was established to determine the quantum state without the need for post-processing. However, that novel method had a major drawback: It uses minimally disturbing measurements, so-called weak measurements, to determine the system's qua ...
Lamb shift
... the position r~4M where the correction is about 25%, then it grows very fast but flattens up at about 40M where the correction is still about 4.8%. F(r) is usually smaller than 1, i.e., the Lamb shift of the atom at an arbitrary r is usually smaller than that in a flat spacetime. The spacetime cur ...
... the position r~4M where the correction is about 25%, then it grows very fast but flattens up at about 40M where the correction is still about 4.8%. F(r) is usually smaller than 1, i.e., the Lamb shift of the atom at an arbitrary r is usually smaller than that in a flat spacetime. The spacetime cur ...
Isolated-core excitations in strong electric fields. I. Theory F. Robicheaux
... There are many tools that have been used to probe correlation in many electron atoms. The study of photoabsorption spectra is especially useful since the high resolution of the laser allows precise determination of the energies and widths of the states while the strength of transitions contains info ...
... There are many tools that have been used to probe correlation in many electron atoms. The study of photoabsorption spectra is especially useful since the high resolution of the laser allows precise determination of the energies and widths of the states while the strength of transitions contains info ...
Document
... the last thirty years in CQM, and the nonrelativistic quark orbital angular momentum does not contribute to the nucleon spin; or • part of the nucleon spin is attributed to the relativistic quark spin, it is measured in DIS and better to call it axial charge to distinguish it from the Pauli spin whi ...
... the last thirty years in CQM, and the nonrelativistic quark orbital angular momentum does not contribute to the nucleon spin; or • part of the nucleon spin is attributed to the relativistic quark spin, it is measured in DIS and better to call it axial charge to distinguish it from the Pauli spin whi ...
A family of intracules, a conjecture and the electron correlation... z* Peter M. W. Gill,* Deborah L. Crittenden,w
... that behaves, in many ways, as the notional joint probability density should.18 One of its chief weaknesses is that, although it is everywhere real, it is not everywhere positive. Nonetheless, as Wigner wrote, Wn(r1,. . .,rn,p1,. . .,pn) ‘‘cannot be really interpreted as the simultaneous probability ...
... that behaves, in many ways, as the notional joint probability density should.18 One of its chief weaknesses is that, although it is everywhere real, it is not everywhere positive. Nonetheless, as Wigner wrote, Wn(r1,. . .,rn,p1,. . .,pn) ‘‘cannot be really interpreted as the simultaneous probability ...
`universal` phase for electron transmission in quantum dots
... The phase evolution across the first two conductance peaks and valleys (the first two electrons entering the dot) already exhibited a marked deviation from universal behaviour. As demonstrated in the results of two different dot and interferometer designs, the phase climbed by p for each of the firs ...
... The phase evolution across the first two conductance peaks and valleys (the first two electrons entering the dot) already exhibited a marked deviation from universal behaviour. As demonstrated in the results of two different dot and interferometer designs, the phase climbed by p for each of the firs ...
Whole-Parts Strategies in Quantum Chemistry: Some Philosophical
... order to address the questions raised by chemistry as it is practiced. It is in this sense that chemistry can become ‘food for thought’ and not just an application of concepts taken from other areas. We divide our work into four parts. We first study how early quantum methods used orbitals – either ...
... order to address the questions raised by chemistry as it is practiced. It is in this sense that chemistry can become ‘food for thought’ and not just an application of concepts taken from other areas. We divide our work into four parts. We first study how early quantum methods used orbitals – either ...
Atomic orbital
An atomic orbital is a mathematical function that describes the wave-like behavior of either one electron or a pair of electrons in an atom. This function can be used to calculate the probability of finding any electron of an atom in any specific region around the atom's nucleus. The term may also refer to the physical region or space where the electron can be calculated to be present, as defined by the particular mathematical form of the orbital.Each orbital in an atom is characterized by a unique set of values of the three quantum numbers n, ℓ, and m, which respectively correspond to the electron's energy, angular momentum, and an angular momentum vector component (the magnetic quantum number). Any orbital can be occupied by a maximum of two electrons, each with its own spin quantum number. The simple names s orbital, p orbital, d orbital and f orbital refer to orbitals with angular momentum quantum number ℓ = 0, 1, 2 and 3 respectively. These names, together with the value of n, are used to describe the electron configurations of atoms. They are derived from the description by early spectroscopists of certain series of alkali metal spectroscopic lines as sharp, principal, diffuse, and fundamental. Orbitals for ℓ > 3 continue alphabetically, omitting j (g, h, i, k, …).Atomic orbitals are the basic building blocks of the atomic orbital model (alternatively known as the electron cloud or wave mechanics model), a modern framework for visualizing the submicroscopic behavior of electrons in matter. In this model the electron cloud of a multi-electron atom may be seen as being built up (in approximation) in an electron configuration that is a product of simpler hydrogen-like atomic orbitals. The repeating periodicity of the blocks of 2, 6, 10, and 14 elements within sections of the periodic table arises naturally from the total number of electrons that occupy a complete set of s, p, d and f atomic orbitals, respectively.