High Performance Multi Barrier Thermionic Devices
... Thermionic current has contributions from both twodimensional (2D) states in the well and three-dimensional (3D) states with energies above the barrier. Superlattice structure chosen here has wide wells with several quantized states that reduce the effect of 3D states on thermionic current. A more i ...
... Thermionic current has contributions from both twodimensional (2D) states in the well and three-dimensional (3D) states with energies above the barrier. Superlattice structure chosen here has wide wells with several quantized states that reduce the effect of 3D states on thermionic current. A more i ...
Andy Schoefield`s review on Non
... the m etallic state the electron has rem ained the unrivaled basis since D rude’s initial work at the beginning of this century (D rude 1900). The success of the single electron picture of metals rests on L andau’ s sem inal w ork in the 1950 s developing Fermi-liquid theory (L andau 1956 , 1957, 19 ...
... the m etallic state the electron has rem ained the unrivaled basis since D rude’s initial work at the beginning of this century (D rude 1900). The success of the single electron picture of metals rests on L andau’ s sem inal w ork in the 1950 s developing Fermi-liquid theory (L andau 1956 , 1957, 19 ...
Spin and uncertainty in the interpretation of quantum mechanics
... it obscures the relation of expectation values to the Pauli and Schrödinger currents which we wish to consider seriously as candidates for an actual local average flow of charge and mass. Indeed, Eq. (2.5) reveals that the conventional angular momentum operators have not been correctly identified i ...
... it obscures the relation of expectation values to the Pauli and Schrödinger currents which we wish to consider seriously as candidates for an actual local average flow of charge and mass. Indeed, Eq. (2.5) reveals that the conventional angular momentum operators have not been correctly identified i ...
Chapter 6 Jeopardy
... States that orbitals of equal energy are each occupied by one electron before any orbital is occupied by a second electron, and all e- in singly occupied orbitals must have the ...
... States that orbitals of equal energy are each occupied by one electron before any orbital is occupied by a second electron, and all e- in singly occupied orbitals must have the ...
Phys. Rev. Lett. 103, 023601 (2009).
... semiconductor two-photon absorption (TPA) has been substantially investigated [11,12] and employed recently also in coherent-control applications [13–15]. In all TPA calculations, even in the nondegenerate case (two photons with different energies), the photon energies were considered to be near hal ...
... semiconductor two-photon absorption (TPA) has been substantially investigated [11,12] and employed recently also in coherent-control applications [13–15]. In all TPA calculations, even in the nondegenerate case (two photons with different energies), the photon energies were considered to be near hal ...
Pdf - Text of NPTEL IIT Video Lectures
... what are the other ligands which can show some pi bonding affinity which is dominating also to the metal centre. So when we consider the sigma bonding parameter we must have some head on overlap. So, we should have the corresponding metal ligand overlap which can be considered as a head on overlap ...
... what are the other ligands which can show some pi bonding affinity which is dominating also to the metal centre. So when we consider the sigma bonding parameter we must have some head on overlap. So, we should have the corresponding metal ligand overlap which can be considered as a head on overlap ...
chap29 lecturenotes
... 3. The plane of the electron’s orbit can be tilted, but only at certain discrete angles. Each allowed angle is characterized by a quantum number m, which must be one of the values ...
... 3. The plane of the electron’s orbit can be tilted, but only at certain discrete angles. Each allowed angle is characterized by a quantum number m, which must be one of the values ...
Parameterization and orbital angular momentum of anisotropic
... Eq. (35) represents a more general state than does Eq. (32) since it does not contain the radial dependence explicitly. Therefore all jn, jmj 1l modes (with n 1, 3, 5, . . .) of Eq. (4) can be used. These functions, however, obey the Laplace equation only close to the dislocation. Moreover, mode ...
... Eq. (35) represents a more general state than does Eq. (32) since it does not contain the radial dependence explicitly. Therefore all jn, jmj 1l modes (with n 1, 3, 5, . . .) of Eq. (4) can be used. These functions, however, obey the Laplace equation only close to the dislocation. Moreover, mode ...
Quantum Mechanics of Many-Particle Systems: Atoms, Molecules
... included generally in the Independent Particle Model for an N -electron system. Slater’s rules are derived as a basis for calculating the total energy of such a system in its ‘ground state’, where only the lowest-energy spin-orbitals are occupied by electrons. In this case, neglecting tiny spin-depe ...
... included generally in the Independent Particle Model for an N -electron system. Slater’s rules are derived as a basis for calculating the total energy of such a system in its ‘ground state’, where only the lowest-energy spin-orbitals are occupied by electrons. In this case, neglecting tiny spin-depe ...
The role of Chern Simons theory in solving the fractional quantum
... FQHE and the IQHE. The FQHE is simply the IQHE, but for different fermions. The FQHE is only a part of the superstructure described by composite fermions. Everything follows from a single principle! Uniqueness: A detailed microscopic description of a complex many body state with no adjustable parame ...
... FQHE and the IQHE. The FQHE is simply the IQHE, but for different fermions. The FQHE is only a part of the superstructure described by composite fermions. Everything follows from a single principle! Uniqueness: A detailed microscopic description of a complex many body state with no adjustable parame ...
Coulomb blockade in Quantum Dots
... each Coulomb blockade peak are simply shifted by the single-particle level spacings 1/αG ∆. (indicated by the bold dots on the gate axis. In Vbias direction the line of the ground state and that of the excited state are separated by 2 ∗ ∆ in analogy to the separation of the two tips of a Coulomb dia ...
... each Coulomb blockade peak are simply shifted by the single-particle level spacings 1/αG ∆. (indicated by the bold dots on the gate axis. In Vbias direction the line of the ground state and that of the excited state are separated by 2 ∗ ∆ in analogy to the separation of the two tips of a Coulomb dia ...
Solving the Schrödinger Equation of Atoms and Molecules without
... note that we may multiply AT , instead of BT , from the left of Eq. (4) and use the resultant equation for calculating C and E, which is useful for the relativistic case since it corresponds to the inverse Hamiltonian method [8]. When we use Eq. (5), the number of the sampling points may exceed the ...
... note that we may multiply AT , instead of BT , from the left of Eq. (4) and use the resultant equation for calculating C and E, which is useful for the relativistic case since it corresponds to the inverse Hamiltonian method [8]. When we use Eq. (5), the number of the sampling points may exceed the ...
Helium - UF Physics
... Super fluidity was first discovered in helium-3 by American physicists David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, and Robert C. Richardson. It occurs at temperatures a few thousandths of a degree above absolute zero and is distinguished by either an A phase or a higher-pressure, lower-temperature B phase. H ...
... Super fluidity was first discovered in helium-3 by American physicists David M. Lee, Douglas D. Osheroff, and Robert C. Richardson. It occurs at temperatures a few thousandths of a degree above absolute zero and is distinguished by either an A phase or a higher-pressure, lower-temperature B phase. H ...
Quantum Wires and Quantum Point Contacts
... The most eye-catching features of these structures are their electronic, mechanical, optical and chemical characteristics, which open a way to future applications. For commercial application, large quantities of purified nanotubes are needed. Electrical conductivity. Depending on their chiral vecto ...
... The most eye-catching features of these structures are their electronic, mechanical, optical and chemical characteristics, which open a way to future applications. For commercial application, large quantities of purified nanotubes are needed. Electrical conductivity. Depending on their chiral vecto ...
Easy understanding on Hanle effect No.1 atomic polarization and
... • Atomic (quantum) coherence is non-diagonal elements of
atomic density matrix ρ = ∑ |m> Pm , not the amplitude of |m>!
• If we have complete quantum mechanical description on the whole
system namely atoms and radiation field |radiation field, a ...
... • Atomic (quantum) coherence is non-diagonal elements
Atomic orbital
An atomic orbital is a mathematical function that describes the wave-like behavior of either one electron or a pair of electrons in an atom. This function can be used to calculate the probability of finding any electron of an atom in any specific region around the atom's nucleus. The term may also refer to the physical region or space where the electron can be calculated to be present, as defined by the particular mathematical form of the orbital.Each orbital in an atom is characterized by a unique set of values of the three quantum numbers n, ℓ, and m, which respectively correspond to the electron's energy, angular momentum, and an angular momentum vector component (the magnetic quantum number). Any orbital can be occupied by a maximum of two electrons, each with its own spin quantum number. The simple names s orbital, p orbital, d orbital and f orbital refer to orbitals with angular momentum quantum number ℓ = 0, 1, 2 and 3 respectively. These names, together with the value of n, are used to describe the electron configurations of atoms. They are derived from the description by early spectroscopists of certain series of alkali metal spectroscopic lines as sharp, principal, diffuse, and fundamental. Orbitals for ℓ > 3 continue alphabetically, omitting j (g, h, i, k, …).Atomic orbitals are the basic building blocks of the atomic orbital model (alternatively known as the electron cloud or wave mechanics model), a modern framework for visualizing the submicroscopic behavior of electrons in matter. In this model the electron cloud of a multi-electron atom may be seen as being built up (in approximation) in an electron configuration that is a product of simpler hydrogen-like atomic orbitals. The repeating periodicity of the blocks of 2, 6, 10, and 14 elements within sections of the periodic table arises naturally from the total number of electrons that occupy a complete set of s, p, d and f atomic orbitals, respectively.