New Approaches in Deep Laser Cooling of Magnesium Atoms for
... recoil energy Erec = 2 k 2 2 M = ωrec with ωrec the recoil frequency. Function f(p) in (2) is the space-averaged atomic momentum distribution in steady state that can be found from solving the main equation (1). The quantum treatment with full account of the recoil effect can be very sophisticate ...
... recoil energy Erec = 2 k 2 2 M = ωrec with ωrec the recoil frequency. Function f(p) in (2) is the space-averaged atomic momentum distribution in steady state that can be found from solving the main equation (1). The quantum treatment with full account of the recoil effect can be very sophisticate ...
Introduction to elementary quantum mechanics
... A physical system can be invariant under some symmetry operations (transformations). For example, two-atomic molecule like H2 remains unchanged if we rotate it around the bond axis or if it is reflected in a plane perpendicular to the bond and placed half-way between both atoms. Infinite crystal, wh ...
... A physical system can be invariant under some symmetry operations (transformations). For example, two-atomic molecule like H2 remains unchanged if we rotate it around the bond axis or if it is reflected in a plane perpendicular to the bond and placed half-way between both atoms. Infinite crystal, wh ...
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... One has C ∗ (Glc ) to be the enveloping C*–algebra of Cc (Glc ) (and also representations are required to be continuous in the inductive limit topology). Equivalently, it is the completion of πuniv (Cc (Glc )) where πuniv is the universal representation of Glc . For example, if Glc = Rn , then C ∗ ( ...
... One has C ∗ (Glc ) to be the enveloping C*–algebra of Cc (Glc ) (and also representations are required to be continuous in the inductive limit topology). Equivalently, it is the completion of πuniv (Cc (Glc )) where πuniv is the universal representation of Glc . For example, if Glc = Rn , then C ∗ ( ...
Cyclic Reactor_Patent Application_1
... brought close enough together where the short-range nuclear forces become strong enough to overcome the Coulomb force and fuse the nuclei. The energy necessary for the nuclei to overcome the Coulomb barrier is provided by kinetic energies, which must be rather high. For example, if the required kine ...
... brought close enough together where the short-range nuclear forces become strong enough to overcome the Coulomb force and fuse the nuclei. The energy necessary for the nuclei to overcome the Coulomb barrier is provided by kinetic energies, which must be rather high. For example, if the required kine ...
NMR (Nuclear Magnetic Resonance) and its applications
... motions produce a small magnetic field at the nucleus which usually acts in opposition to the externally applied field. This change in the effective field on the nuclear spin causes the NMR signal frequency to shift. The magnitude of the shift depends upon the type of nucleus and the details of the ...
... motions produce a small magnetic field at the nucleus which usually acts in opposition to the externally applied field. This change in the effective field on the nuclear spin causes the NMR signal frequency to shift. The magnitude of the shift depends upon the type of nucleus and the details of the ...
Lecture 2: Quantum Math Basics 1 Complex Numbers
... many different physical systems can accomplish this. Although we won’t cover the entire physics behind them, a general idea of how the qubits are realized physically can sometimes help us understand the procedures and algorithms we are dealing with. In particular, they might be represented by two st ...
... many different physical systems can accomplish this. Although we won’t cover the entire physics behind them, a general idea of how the qubits are realized physically can sometimes help us understand the procedures and algorithms we are dealing with. In particular, they might be represented by two st ...
the einstein-podolsky-rosen paradox and the nature of reality
... presented, as these properties are typically more familiar than spin or polarization to most students. Consider two quantum particles that have interacted for some time in the past, but are no longer interacting, as shown in Figure 1. The particles are now far enough separated from each other that m ...
... presented, as these properties are typically more familiar than spin or polarization to most students. Consider two quantum particles that have interacted for some time in the past, but are no longer interacting, as shown in Figure 1. The particles are now far enough separated from each other that m ...
Chapter 4. Rotation and Conservation of Angular Momentum
... We previously derived equation (4.16) for the linear velocity of a rotating rigid body. We could think, for example, of a solid, rotating disk and focus on the trajectory of a point on its surface. Since this point, which at a given instant has the velocity v , does not move linearly but rotates, th ...
... We previously derived equation (4.16) for the linear velocity of a rotating rigid body. We could think, for example, of a solid, rotating disk and focus on the trajectory of a point on its surface. Since this point, which at a given instant has the velocity v , does not move linearly but rotates, th ...
41-60 - New Theoretical Physics by James A. Putnam
... define motion of any kind with respect to space alone, because this implies detectable physical properties of space. The only thing established empirically about space is that it exists. We know space is there because we measure distances in it. We cannot define a measurement of distance as occurrin ...
... define motion of any kind with respect to space alone, because this implies detectable physical properties of space. The only thing established empirically about space is that it exists. We know space is there because we measure distances in it. We cannot define a measurement of distance as occurrin ...
The Quantum Mechanical Model of the Atom
... In all previous attempts to describe the electron’s behavior inside an atom, including in the Bohr model, scientists tried to describe the path the electron would follow around the nucleus. The theorists wanted to describe where the electron was located and how it would move from that position to it ...
... In all previous attempts to describe the electron’s behavior inside an atom, including in the Bohr model, scientists tried to describe the path the electron would follow around the nucleus. The theorists wanted to describe where the electron was located and how it would move from that position to it ...