Intensity and State Estimation in Quantum Cryptography
... [12]. An arbitrary polarization measurement can be realized using a quarter-wave plate, a halfwaveplate and a polarizing beam splitter (PBS) in an order. The quarter-wave plate and the halfwaveplate are used to rotate the state to H . ...
... [12]. An arbitrary polarization measurement can be realized using a quarter-wave plate, a halfwaveplate and a polarizing beam splitter (PBS) in an order. The quarter-wave plate and the halfwaveplate are used to rotate the state to H . ...
Renormalization and quantum field theory
... (or rather sections of the dual of the space of classical fields, which can usually be identified with classical fields). Moreover the Feynman measure should satisfy some sort of analogue of translation invariance. The space ei L F S0c ωS J 8 is a free rank 1 module over S0c ωS J 8 generated by the ...
... (or rather sections of the dual of the space of classical fields, which can usually be identified with classical fields). Moreover the Feynman measure should satisfy some sort of analogue of translation invariance. The space ei L F S0c ωS J 8 is a free rank 1 module over S0c ωS J 8 generated by the ...
Multi-component fractional quantum Hall states in graphene: S U(4
... an early work of Halperin on multi-component wavefunctions for the FQHE [9]. The FQHE problem in graphene differs from that in GaAs in two respects. First, in graphene, each electron has four components, because of two spin projections and two valleys, producing an approximate SU(4) symmetry when th ...
... an early work of Halperin on multi-component wavefunctions for the FQHE [9]. The FQHE problem in graphene differs from that in GaAs in two respects. First, in graphene, each electron has four components, because of two spin projections and two valleys, producing an approximate SU(4) symmetry when th ...
Many Body Quantum Mechanics
... operators defined on them. In order to fix notations we briefly review the definitions. 1.1 DEFINITION (Hilbert Space). A Hilbert Space H is a vector space endowed with a sesquilinear map (·, ·) : H × H → C (i.e., a map which is conjugate linear in the first variable and linear in the second1 ) such ...
... operators defined on them. In order to fix notations we briefly review the definitions. 1.1 DEFINITION (Hilbert Space). A Hilbert Space H is a vector space endowed with a sesquilinear map (·, ·) : H × H → C (i.e., a map which is conjugate linear in the first variable and linear in the second1 ) such ...
Electrically controllable g tensors in quantum dot
... experimentally9,10 and theoretically.11–13 In self-assembled dots, the g factors have been found to be almost isotropic within the growth plane.14,15 In addition, the tunability of quantum dot g factors, which has been investigated both theoretically16 and experimentally,17 is rather limited because ...
... experimentally9,10 and theoretically.11–13 In self-assembled dots, the g factors have been found to be almost isotropic within the growth plane.14,15 In addition, the tunability of quantum dot g factors, which has been investigated both theoretically16 and experimentally,17 is rather limited because ...
high-temperature superconductivity from short
... SUMMARY Theoretical models of high temperature superconductors cannot be treated by perturbation theory. Here I briefly survey some of the new theoretical methods that have been developed for the Hubbard model and the insights they have provided to understand the Physics of strong interactions and h ...
... SUMMARY Theoretical models of high temperature superconductors cannot be treated by perturbation theory. Here I briefly survey some of the new theoretical methods that have been developed for the Hubbard model and the insights they have provided to understand the Physics of strong interactions and h ...
Topological Order and the Kitaev Model
... where n is the electron density. Those states for which this quantity is an integer number are called Integer Quantum Hall states (IQH) whereas those states for which ν is a fractional number are, correspondingly, called Fractional Quantum Hall states (FQH). While the former can be understood from ...
... where n is the electron density. Those states for which this quantity is an integer number are called Integer Quantum Hall states (IQH) whereas those states for which ν is a fractional number are, correspondingly, called Fractional Quantum Hall states (FQH). While the former can be understood from ...
The Fermi-Hubbard model 11 The Hubbard model
... The standard Fermi-Hubbard model considers two species of fermionic particles which are confined in a lattice and move by hopping to the nearest neighbour sites. The two species for electrons are the spin-up and spin-down electrons. For ultracold gases, they can be two di↵erent internal states of an ...
... The standard Fermi-Hubbard model considers two species of fermionic particles which are confined in a lattice and move by hopping to the nearest neighbour sites. The two species for electrons are the spin-up and spin-down electrons. For ultracold gases, they can be two di↵erent internal states of an ...
Quantum Computing
... half of this century, the precise mathematical treatment of information, especially information processing, was undiscovered, so the significance of information in physics was only hinted at in concepts such as entropy in thermodynamics. It now appears that information may have a much deeper signifi ...
... half of this century, the precise mathematical treatment of information, especially information processing, was undiscovered, so the significance of information in physics was only hinted at in concepts such as entropy in thermodynamics. It now appears that information may have a much deeper signifi ...
Number Archetypes and “Background” Control Theory Concerning
... reduced to guessing the correct final formulae. The smallness of these new effects is a consequence of the smallness of the so-called fine structure constant, which is often linked with Sommerfeld’s name, since its fundamental significance first came clearly to light through his theory of 1916 of th ...
... reduced to guessing the correct final formulae. The smallness of these new effects is a consequence of the smallness of the so-called fine structure constant, which is often linked with Sommerfeld’s name, since its fundamental significance first came clearly to light through his theory of 1916 of th ...
Chapter 2 Wave Mechanics and the Schrödinger equation
... with wave function ψ(x) at a position x ∈ R3 . It is a perplexing but characteristic feature of quantum physics that a local description of particle interactions requires the introduction of ~ and complex wave functions ψ that are not mathematical objects like gauge potentials (φ, A) directly observ ...
... with wave function ψ(x) at a position x ∈ R3 . It is a perplexing but characteristic feature of quantum physics that a local description of particle interactions requires the introduction of ~ and complex wave functions ψ that are not mathematical objects like gauge potentials (φ, A) directly observ ...
ISM 08
... Null cosmologies: Φ = Φ(x+ ) . No nonzero contraction so the mass term vanishes i.e. m2 (Φ) = 0. Similar story for gauge theory using lightcone gauge for convenience. Suppressing many details, but briefly, cubic/quartic interaction terms: multiplied by powers of gY M = eΦ/2 , unimportant near eΦ → 0 ...
... Null cosmologies: Φ = Φ(x+ ) . No nonzero contraction so the mass term vanishes i.e. m2 (Φ) = 0. Similar story for gauge theory using lightcone gauge for convenience. Suppressing many details, but briefly, cubic/quartic interaction terms: multiplied by powers of gY M = eΦ/2 , unimportant near eΦ → 0 ...
PHYS - University of New Brunswick
... limitations (2) how to read and write scientific documents. The skills acquired in this course are subsequently applied in other courses. In all future experimental work, we will treat experimental limitations properly and fully. In all future courses involving reports, written work will meet or exc ...
... limitations (2) how to read and write scientific documents. The skills acquired in this course are subsequently applied in other courses. In all future experimental work, we will treat experimental limitations properly and fully. In all future courses involving reports, written work will meet or exc ...
Pairs of Pants, Pochhammer Curves and L2 - Invariants
... As elegant as this argument may be, it throws very little light on the meaning attached to the result (1). In addition, the definitions that have been provided for these invariants (three different versions are proposed in [19], all of which coincide in Atiyah’s example) do not seem to give a hint t ...
... As elegant as this argument may be, it throws very little light on the meaning attached to the result (1). In addition, the definitions that have been provided for these invariants (three different versions are proposed in [19], all of which coincide in Atiyah’s example) do not seem to give a hint t ...
