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Randomness and Multi-level Interactions in Biology1
Randomness and Multi-level Interactions in Biology1

... Now, which scientific notion of randomness do we need to grasp the biological notions of “contingency” and of “possible” (evolutionary/ontogenetic) path? This is a crucial question never really seriously tackled by scholars of the life sciences, but needing to be analyzed if we want to advance beyon ...
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... than 1 µs. However, from the very beginning of the quantum-mechanical founding the question of its universality was raised, i.e. the question of general validity of the quantum-physical laws for macroscopic phenomena as well, usually treated by the methods of classical physics. In the history of qua ...
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Quantum aspects of brain activity and the role of consciousness

... All other states are pushed up in energy by the long-range interaction so far that they cannot be excited by the nerve impulse. Calculating the probability for exocytosis from the N-body wave functions, Eqs. 9 and 10, one obtains the same result as was obtained from the barrier-penetration problem o ...
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Evolving Quantum circuits - Portland State University

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... in this process is being played by the qualitative theory of ordinary differential equations, a subject having its roots in science and technology. There was opposition on the part of some topologists to this process, due to the loss of generality and the impurity of methods. It seems to me that the ...
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A Complete Characterization of Unitary Quantum Space

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... in a network of quantum mechanical two-level systems, such as spin-1/2 particles or two-level atoms. The quantum mechanical nature of such systems allows the possibility of a powerful new feature to be incorporated into data processing, namely, the capability of performing logical operations upon qu ...
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... indefinitely to and fro along the same path. The first point to notice is that Fig. 1a, at E = 2ω1 , shows just two simple periodic orbits, whereas the higher energy plots in Figs. 1b and 1c contain three. Second, the shape of the trajectory in Fig. 1a is dictated by the shapes of the two periodic o ...
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... Equilibration is one of the central concepts of thermodynamics, but our understanding of the underlying microscopic processes is still far from complete. Studies of the approach to equilibrium can be traced back to Boltzmann’s work [1] in the early days of statistical mechanics, and they are also cl ...
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Hidden variable theory

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