Bose–Einstein condensation: Where many become one and so there is plenty of room at the bottom
... Two objects may be said to be indistinguishable if they are merely two different states of the same underlying entity. This, of course, happens naturally in a quantum-field description where the particles are the excitations of an underlying field – just its internal movements. At a somewhat heurist ...
... Two objects may be said to be indistinguishable if they are merely two different states of the same underlying entity. This, of course, happens naturally in a quantum-field description where the particles are the excitations of an underlying field – just its internal movements. At a somewhat heurist ...
An introduction to Quantum Complexity
... BQP is closed under complement BQP is closed under intersection (and union) ...
... BQP is closed under complement BQP is closed under intersection (and union) ...
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... There has been much interest in Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states1 because they can be used in a nonstatistical disproof of local hidden-variable theories of physics, and as resources for multiparty quantum communication protocols.2 Shapiro3 has recently described an architecture for long-dis ...
... There has been much interest in Greenberger-Horne-Zeilinger (GHZ) states1 because they can be used in a nonstatistical disproof of local hidden-variable theories of physics, and as resources for multiparty quantum communication protocols.2 Shapiro3 has recently described an architecture for long-dis ...
Optimal frequency measurements with maximally correlated states
... schemes @5–13# which use nonclassical input states to approach the 1/N Heisenberg limit for large N have been proposed @20#. Examples include the illumination of one of the input ports by a squeezed vacuum @5# where experiment has shown improvement over the shot-noise limit @8#, the use of correlate ...
... schemes @5–13# which use nonclassical input states to approach the 1/N Heisenberg limit for large N have been proposed @20#. Examples include the illumination of one of the input ports by a squeezed vacuum @5# where experiment has shown improvement over the shot-noise limit @8#, the use of correlate ...
AntalyaQuantumComputingTutorial
... one session only and then discarded. Thus, there exists the need for reliable and effective methods for the distribution of the encryption keys. The problem rests on the physical difficulty to detect the presence of an intruder when communicating through a classical communication channel. To date, s ...
... one session only and then discarded. Thus, there exists the need for reliable and effective methods for the distribution of the encryption keys. The problem rests on the physical difficulty to detect the presence of an intruder when communicating through a classical communication channel. To date, s ...
statistical mechanics and probability theory
... questions of probability theory. This procedure avoids the use of the certainly ingenious but often artificial tools used by Fowler. A number of papers have been published concerning this reduction of statistical mechanics to the theory of probability. A basic point is the following: the problems of ...
... questions of probability theory. This procedure avoids the use of the certainly ingenious but often artificial tools used by Fowler. A number of papers have been published concerning this reduction of statistical mechanics to the theory of probability. A basic point is the following: the problems of ...
Chapter 10 Physics of Electrons
... stable orbits, each having a definite associated energy, without emitting radiation. Bohr’s model was successful in accounting for many atomic observations, especially the emission and absorption spectra for hydrogen. Despite these successes, it cannot predict the energy levels and spectra of atoms ...
... stable orbits, each having a definite associated energy, without emitting radiation. Bohr’s model was successful in accounting for many atomic observations, especially the emission and absorption spectra for hydrogen. Despite these successes, it cannot predict the energy levels and spectra of atoms ...
The Internal and External Problems of String Theory
... supersymmetric formulation of string theory it also included fermionic matter fields. Exclusively the fact that the quantized string has spin-2 states which can be interpreted as gravitons and which are completely unmotivated in the context of hadron physics led to this change of strategy and of con ...
... supersymmetric formulation of string theory it also included fermionic matter fields. Exclusively the fact that the quantized string has spin-2 states which can be interpreted as gravitons and which are completely unmotivated in the context of hadron physics led to this change of strategy and of con ...
61, 062310 (2000)
... 共2.6兲, the parameters V and m i ,i⫽1, . . . ,n are determined by the probabilities ␥ i ,i⫽1, . . . ,n. Hence, the representation U is obtained from the given probabilities. The expressions of E and F require 0⭐m i ⭐1, i⫽1,2, . . . ,n. In Appendix A we show a more strict limitation 0⬍m i ⭐1. Equation ...
... 共2.6兲, the parameters V and m i ,i⫽1, . . . ,n are determined by the probabilities ␥ i ,i⫽1, . . . ,n. Hence, the representation U is obtained from the given probabilities. The expressions of E and F require 0⭐m i ⭐1, i⫽1,2, . . . ,n. In Appendix A we show a more strict limitation 0⬍m i ⭐1. Equation ...
Chapter 11 Noncommuting Operators and Uncertainty
... create an electron/positron pair, where a positron is the antimatter partner to an electron. If you don’t have to worry about conserving energy, however, you can create a positron/electron pair out of absolutely nothing. . . as long as they re-annihilate back to absolutely nothing fast enough. For e ...
... create an electron/positron pair, where a positron is the antimatter partner to an electron. If you don’t have to worry about conserving energy, however, you can create a positron/electron pair out of absolutely nothing. . . as long as they re-annihilate back to absolutely nothing fast enough. For e ...
Phys. Rev. Lett. 107, 250501 - APS Link Manager
... First, Fig. 2(a) shows the variances of the output quadratures when the two inputs are each in a vacuum state. In the case of the ideal CZ gate, the variances of x^ and x^ remain unchanged and thus are equal to the shot noise level (SNL), while those of p^ and p^ are 3.0 dB above the SNL (2 ...
... First, Fig. 2(a) shows the variances of the output quadratures when the two inputs are each in a vacuum state. In the case of the ideal CZ gate, the variances of x^ and x^ remain unchanged and thus are equal to the shot noise level (SNL), while those of p^ and p^ are 3.0 dB above the SNL (2 ...
Spin and uncertainty in the interpretation of quantum mechanics
... precisely, does it mean to say that the electron has an intrinsic spin? The mathematics of spin is well defined and well understood, but an interpretation seeks to go beyond the mathematics and establish a coherent model of objective reality. Two kinds of model for the electron have been discussed i ...
... precisely, does it mean to say that the electron has an intrinsic spin? The mathematics of spin is well defined and well understood, but an interpretation seeks to go beyond the mathematics and establish a coherent model of objective reality. Two kinds of model for the electron have been discussed i ...
Quantum Biological Switch Based on Superradiance Transitions
... sites is constant (Ω). The central pair of sites is allowed to have a larger coupling constant, Ωsp > Ω. This very simple system was considered in the literature (called the “multimer” model42,43) as a prototype model for the PSII RC and is shown schematically in Figure 1. Despite its simplicity (cu ...
... sites is constant (Ω). The central pair of sites is allowed to have a larger coupling constant, Ωsp > Ω. This very simple system was considered in the literature (called the “multimer” model42,43) as a prototype model for the PSII RC and is shown schematically in Figure 1. Despite its simplicity (cu ...
Precisely Timing Dissipative Quantum Information
... how to perform D1WQC by using the timer and initialization gadgets. Before we start, let us emphasize that one does not need to have any coherent unitary control over the quantum system but instead merely makes use of dissipative dynamics exhibiting quantum and classical features. Still, it is the v ...
... how to perform D1WQC by using the timer and initialization gadgets. Before we start, let us emphasize that one does not need to have any coherent unitary control over the quantum system but instead merely makes use of dissipative dynamics exhibiting quantum and classical features. Still, it is the v ...
Quantizing charged magnetic domain walls: Strings on a lattice
... that their effective interactions vanish at the Fermi surface. It seems now widely agreed that this theory fails fundamentally in the context of the high-T c cuprates. Indeed, a strong case can be made that any theory starting with a particlelike vacuum is bound to fail.1 From a theoretical viewpoin ...
... that their effective interactions vanish at the Fermi surface. It seems now widely agreed that this theory fails fundamentally in the context of the high-T c cuprates. Indeed, a strong case can be made that any theory starting with a particlelike vacuum is bound to fail.1 From a theoretical viewpoin ...
2015_0042_Quantum Robot = CSP = Quantum Emotional
... created in AQC to program problems such as Maximum Clique or SAT. • This programming is like on “assembly level” but with time more efficient methods will be developed in our group. – This is also similar to programming current Field-Programmable Gate ...
... created in AQC to program problems such as Maximum Clique or SAT. • This programming is like on “assembly level” but with time more efficient methods will be developed in our group. – This is also similar to programming current Field-Programmable Gate ...
