The Physics of Electrodynamic Ion Traps
... electric field pushing it downward. And when ∆ is negative (right side of the figure), the upward force is weaker than average. This imbalance was not present in Figure 1. From this fairly basic reasoning, shown graphically in Figure 2, we deduce that there is a net force pushing the particle down. ...
... electric field pushing it downward. And when ∆ is negative (right side of the figure), the upward force is weaker than average. This imbalance was not present in Figure 1. From this fairly basic reasoning, shown graphically in Figure 2, we deduce that there is a net force pushing the particle down. ...
Topological order at finite temperature?
... “A system is in a topological phase if, at low temperatures, energies, and wavelengths*, all observable properties (e.g. correlation functions) are invariant under smooth deformations (diffeomorphisms) of the spacetime manifold in which the system lives.” (i.e., all observable properties are indepen ...
... “A system is in a topological phase if, at low temperatures, energies, and wavelengths*, all observable properties (e.g. correlation functions) are invariant under smooth deformations (diffeomorphisms) of the spacetime manifold in which the system lives.” (i.e., all observable properties are indepen ...
Three Puzzles about Bohr`s Correspondence Principle
... In Q.o.L [Bohr 1918] this designation has not yet been used, but the substance of the principle is referred to there as a formal analogy between the quantum theory and the classical theory. Such expressions might cause misunderstanding, since in fact—as we shall see later on—this Correspondence Prin ...
... In Q.o.L [Bohr 1918] this designation has not yet been used, but the substance of the principle is referred to there as a formal analogy between the quantum theory and the classical theory. Such expressions might cause misunderstanding, since in fact—as we shall see later on—this Correspondence Prin ...
The Stark effect in hydrogen
... When a static electric field is applied to an atom, the spectral lines will split up and this effect is known as the Stark effect. Historically, the effect was first successfully observed in 1913 by the German physicist Johannes Stark. At this time wave mechanics and matrix formalism was yet to be d ...
... When a static electric field is applied to an atom, the spectral lines will split up and this effect is known as the Stark effect. Historically, the effect was first successfully observed in 1913 by the German physicist Johannes Stark. At this time wave mechanics and matrix formalism was yet to be d ...
611: Electromagnetic Theory II
... with γ = (1−v 2 )−1/2 and v ≡ |~v |, and with ~r = (x, y, z). Since these equations are manifestly covariant under 3-dimensional spatial rotations (i.e. they are written entirely in a 3-vector notation), it must be that they are the correct form of the Lorentz transformations for an arbitrary direct ...
... with γ = (1−v 2 )−1/2 and v ≡ |~v |, and with ~r = (x, y, z). Since these equations are manifestly covariant under 3-dimensional spatial rotations (i.e. they are written entirely in a 3-vector notation), it must be that they are the correct form of the Lorentz transformations for an arbitrary direct ...
![arXiv:math/0606118v4 [math.PR] 5 Dec 2006](http://s1.studyres.com/store/data/013514025_1-1bac3cda767b4b11f4a6d27e549df5b9-300x300.png)
The Physics of Quantum Mechanics
... Quantum mechanics is the framework for describing and analyzing small things, like atoms and nuclei. Quantum mechanics also applies to big things, like baseballs and galaxies, but when applied to big things, certain approximations become legitimate: taken together, these are called the classical app ...
... Quantum mechanics is the framework for describing and analyzing small things, like atoms and nuclei. Quantum mechanics also applies to big things, like baseballs and galaxies, but when applied to big things, certain approximations become legitimate: taken together, these are called the classical app ...
A generalized entropy measuring quantum localization
... the time scale (the so-called break-time or Heisenberg time) on which quantum time evolution saturates due to the discreteness of the spectrum (see, e.g., [10]). (ii) Barrier action of tori and cantori: Localization on quantized invariant tori is well described within the semiclassical ebktheory. T ...
... the time scale (the so-called break-time or Heisenberg time) on which quantum time evolution saturates due to the discreteness of the spectrum (see, e.g., [10]). (ii) Barrier action of tori and cantori: Localization on quantized invariant tori is well described within the semiclassical ebktheory. T ...
Heisenberg (and Schrödinger, and Pauli) on Hidden - Hal-SHS
... probability |cn |2 of the atoms in the state n, has been established beforehand experimentally. In this case the phases γn are unknown in principle, so that [(2)] then naturally goes over to [(3)] [...] . What Born and Heisenberg say here is that the expressions |Snk |2 denote ‘usual’ transition pro ...
... probability |cn |2 of the atoms in the state n, has been established beforehand experimentally. In this case the phases γn are unknown in principle, so that [(2)] then naturally goes over to [(3)] [...] . What Born and Heisenberg say here is that the expressions |Snk |2 denote ‘usual’ transition pro ...
Quantum Theory: a Pragmatist Approach
... What is it to interpret quantum theory? Addressing this question, van Fraassen ([1991]) characterized the interpretative task as an attempt to say: ‘What is really going on, according to this theory?’ and ‘How could the world possibly be how this theory says it is?’ This ties interpretation directly ...
... What is it to interpret quantum theory? Addressing this question, van Fraassen ([1991]) characterized the interpretative task as an attempt to say: ‘What is really going on, according to this theory?’ and ‘How could the world possibly be how this theory says it is?’ This ties interpretation directly ...
Transforms on Time Scales - Institute for Mathematics and its
... this transform) for Z. The transform they developed appears much more natural and lends itself for use on a broader set of time scales. While time scale theory is still in its early stages of development, Hilger has begun work on Fourier analysis for time scales. His Fourier transform unifies the di ...
... this transform) for Z. The transform they developed appears much more natural and lends itself for use on a broader set of time scales. While time scale theory is still in its early stages of development, Hilger has begun work on Fourier analysis for time scales. His Fourier transform unifies the di ...
Particle Shape Factors and Their Use in Image
... observe the particles under a microscope. The importance of this step must be emphasized. Depending on the size and chemical nature of the particles, one may choose various types of microscopy such as brightfield, darkfield, polarized light, phase contrast, etc. The next step may be to get higher ma ...
... observe the particles under a microscope. The importance of this step must be emphasized. Depending on the size and chemical nature of the particles, one may choose various types of microscopy such as brightfield, darkfield, polarized light, phase contrast, etc. The next step may be to get higher ma ...
Holographic Quantum Error Correcting Codes - Adrian Franco
... The fact that we are considering orthonormal bases goes a little bit further than just mere computational convenience: in quantum mechanics, states which are proportional to each other are considered to be indistinguishable from a physical point of view. In more precise words, the space of different ...
... The fact that we are considering orthonormal bases goes a little bit further than just mere computational convenience: in quantum mechanics, states which are proportional to each other are considered to be indistinguishable from a physical point of view. In more precise words, the space of different ...
Resource Letter SPE-1: Single-Photon Experiments in the Undergraduate Laboratory
... experiments in the undergraduate setting. The articles describe several types of experiments that address fundamental concepts, such as the quantum nature of light, quantum superposition, entanglement, and nonlocality. They also contain information on equipment and inexpensive options. 1. “Entangled ...
... experiments in the undergraduate setting. The articles describe several types of experiments that address fundamental concepts, such as the quantum nature of light, quantum superposition, entanglement, and nonlocality. They also contain information on equipment and inexpensive options. 1. “Entangled ...
Introduction to Quantum Information and Computation for Chemistry
... In general, we can think of information as something that can be encoded in the state of a physical system. If the physical system obeys classical laws of physics, such as a classical computer, the information stored there is of “classical” nature. To quantify information, the concept of bit has bee ...
... In general, we can think of information as something that can be encoded in the state of a physical system. If the physical system obeys classical laws of physics, such as a classical computer, the information stored there is of “classical” nature. To quantify information, the concept of bit has bee ...