Survey
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
* Your assessment is very important for improving the workof artificial intelligence, which forms the content of this project
Ecology Notes I. Cycles of Matter Section 3-3 Pages 74-80 A. Recycling in the Biolsphere 1. Matter cycles through the biosphere because biological systems don’t use up matter they transform it. 2. Matter becomes a part of living tissue and then leaves the body as waste 3. EX. Carbon atom in Carbon dioxide floats in the air and is absorbed by a blueberry bush for photosynthesis. The Carbon dioxide is used to make food for the plant. An animal eats the plant, the animal poops out the plant as waste. B. The Water Cycle 1. All living things need water to survive 2. Water moves between the ocean the atmosphere and the land. 3. Evaporation: The process by which water changes from liquid form to an atmospheric gas. 4. Transpiration: The process by which water evaporates form the leaves of plants to an atmospheric gas. 5. Water cycle: The sun heats the atmosphere—warm moist air rises and cools— water vapor condenses into tiny droplets that form clouds—droplets increase in size until large enough to return to Earth’s surface as precipitation—rain taken in by plant roots—cycle begins again. 6. Precipitation: rain, snow, sleet, hail C. Nutrient Cycles: essential for ecosystems to keep functioning, prevent many chemicals from reaching concentrations that would otherwise by toxic or harmful. A. Three Types 1. Carbon Cycle: Carbon is present in the atmosphere as carbon dioxide. Carbon dioxide gets there from volcanic activity, respiration, burning of fossil fuels by humans, and the decaying of organic matter. Plants take in the carbon dioxide for the building of carbohydrates during photosynthesis. The carbs. are passed through food webs to animals and other consumers. They expel the carbon as waste into the soil. 2. Nitrogen Cycle a. Many different forms of nitrogen occur naturally in the biosphere. b. Nitrogen gas makes up 78% of Earth’s atmosphere. c. Ammonia, Nitrate (NO3), and Nitrite (NO2) are found in the wastes produced by many organisms and in dead and decaying organic matter. d. Only certain types of bacteria found in the soil and roots of plants, called legumes can use atmospheric nitrogen. e. The legumes carry out a process called Nitrogen fixation that takes atmospheric nitrogen and changes into ammonia. Other bacteria in the soil then change the ammonia into nitrates and nitrites which can be taken in by plants to make proteins. Consumers then consume the plants and use these same nitrates and nitrites to make proteins for themselves. f. When organisms die decomposers return nitrogen to the soil as ammonia. g. Once the ammonia is converted into nitrates, other soil bacteria convert nitrates into nitrogen gas in a process called denitrification. This process releases nitrogen into the atmosphere once again. 3. Phosphorus Cycle: Phosphorus is essential for forming part of DNA and RNA. a. Phosphorus is found in rock and soil mernerals and in ocean sediments. As the rock and sediment wear down, phosphate is released. Ecological succession Section 4-1 Pages 94-97 Aquatic Ecosystems Section 4.4 Pages 106-112 Population Growth Sections 5.1 and 5.2 Pages 119-128 Humans in the Biosphere Chapter 6 pages 139-160