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Civil War Test Study Guide
1. Which federal garrison in Georgia was captured by Confederate forces within weeks of Lincoln’s
inauguration? Fort Pulaski
2. What was the draft called during the Civil War? conscription
3. What were the advantages and disadvantages for each side going into the Civil War? The South’s
disadvantages were their lack of resources because there were fewer factories, less food, and less
railroad. The South had better military leadership and a stronger belief in their cause.
The North’s disadvantages were the lack of support for the war (people were divided) and the fact that
they were fighting on unfamiliar territory. The North’s advantages were their resources because they
had more railroad, more factories, and their navy was larger.
4. Who led the March to the Sea? William T. Sherman
5. Which American document led to the freedom of over four million slaves in the United States? The
Emancipation Proclamation
6. In which year did most of the fighting in Georgia take place? 1864 (on Sherman’s March to the Sea)
7. What happened to the commander of Andersonville Prison after the war? He was executed by hanging
because of the atrocities at the prison.
8. What were some of the hardships for civilians in the South during the war? They had few resources and
factories, so they were short of supplies (medical, food, etc.) and could not replace broken farm
equipment etc.
9. Which woman, who served as a nurse in the Civil War, went on to establish the American Red Cross after
the war? Clara Barton
10. Which roles did women take on during the Civil War? Nurses, teachers, store keepers, etc.
11. Why did General William T. Sherman attack the civilian infrastructure between Atlanta and Savannah?
He wanted to bring the sad realities of war to Georgia, and he wanted to destroy all of the resources for
the Confederacy that were being supplied by Georgia cities.
12. Which battle was the first of the war? Fort Sumter
13. Why did the South have to keep its ports open and operational during the Civil War? To maintain their
trade with England and France who provided many of the supplies and resources they needed in
exchange for cotton.
14. Which major Civil War battle resulted in the most casualties on both sides? Gettysburg
15. Which Union tactic caused the most damage to the South’s economy during the Civil War? Blockades of
Southern Ports
16. Which states were border states? Missouri, Kentucky, Delaware, and Maryland
FOR EACH OF THE FOLLOWING: Note whether it denotes the Union or Confederacy
Seceded from the United States C
Larger navy U
Smaller free population C
White population was extremely supportive of the war C
Public opinion was divided over the war U
More resources U
Better banking system to fund the war U
Heavily dependent upon cotton and tobacco crops C
Larger, more efficient railway system U
Less than ½ the railway system C
Military leadership was superior C
Wore navy blue uniforms U
Wore gray uniforms C
Fighting for their way of life C
Fighting on familiar territory C
Would have to invade and hold the enemy U
More factories to produce needed supplies U
Strong belief in States’ Rights C
Essay Questions (Must be answered in complete sentences and paragraph structure)!
B1. How did the role of women change during the Civil War? Make sure you tell the role that women
had before the war, then tell how things changed. Be sure to mention specific women and how they
contributed (Clara Barton, Harriet Tubman)
B2. Why is Andersonville Prison considered one of the great atrocities of the Civil War? Mention
the conditions and their impact on the prisoners there (give details about how many, conditions, etc.)
B3. Why were the Border States important, and what was the dilemma Lincoln faced with respect
to them? Tell about border states (what they were) and then tell how they caused problems for Lincoln if
they seceded