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A.P. US
Mods 6/7/8
Artem Kholodenko
0109
Notes for pgs. 526 – 531
Reconstruction
Governments
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A New Electorate
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Freedmen
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Republican Rule
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State Debts
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Social and economic problems grew for the south after
the war
Race riots took place in major south cities, like when in
May 1866 whites attacked black veterans
The military took control in spring of 1867 and some
south folks looked forward to it because a civil
government would favor blacks
By 1870 all confed. states rejoined the union
Republicans had power in the south after elections
The blacks gained the voting majority in 5 states
South (R) were made of: northern “carpetbaggers” who
came to the south looking for wealth; southern
“scalawags” who were poor and ignorant looking to profit
from (R) rule; hordes of uneducated freedmen
The coalition of the (R) party was full of people with
different goals
The northerners who moved south saw the land as full of
undeveloped possibilities
Some Scalawags supported national banking and
protective tariffs
Most were small farmers from mountain regions of NC,
GA, AL, AK, and former unionists; they lacked black-right
commitment
They provided 8 of 10 (R) votes and the republican rule
lasted the longest with large black populations like in SC
They sought land, education, civil rights, and political
equality
Blacks were only the majority in the SC legislature being
60% of the population
Most blacks in the SC legislature came from big towns
and cities
The difference between black officeholders and freedmen
was the 1st wanted equal rights while the 2nd land
In LA ½ delegates were freedmen
New constitutions in LA and SC opened public schools to
both races
Although land was given out no ex-Confed. land was
confiscated
Programs of public works began after a civil government
took over the military rule of the south; roads, buildings,
and bridges were built; railroad bonds were endorsed to
promote railroads
The state debts skyrocketed because millions were
needed to make the needed improvements
During the 1860s the southern tax rose 400%
Taxes shifted from slaves to property
The government officials who took bribes and railroad
promoters were the main profiteers of the post-war
period
Counterattacks
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Ku Klux Klan
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Fighting the Crimes
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The Enforcement Act
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The Second Enforcement
Act
The Third Enforcement
Act (KKK Act)
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Opposition arose in ex-Confed.s who dreaded the Negro
domination
Newspapers insulted the black politicians
The democrats tried to regain power after readmission of
the union by being the Conservatives to attract Whigs
and blacks, but when that didn’t work they expelled the
blacks from the legislature
Anti-black violence took place as the government was
tried to stabilize
The Freedmen’s Bureau agents in 1865 itemized all kinds
of assaults
In spring of 1866 6 ex-Confed. war veterans organized
the KKK social club that included hooded costumes; by
1868 the Klan had political influence
The Klan’s goals were to suppress the black voting and
reestablish white supremacy, and topple Reconstruction
governments
In MS the Klan targeted black schools; in AL (R)
officeholders
Where the Klan didn’t surge with panic, other groups did
Republicans made laws against vigilantes with
imprisonments and fines
Passed in May 1870, it protected black voters, but it was
unenforceable because no one would testify against
whites
Passed in Feb. 1871, it provided federal enforcement and
supervision during southern elections
The 3rd act was passed 2 months later gave the president
use of federal troops to enforce the law and to suspend
the writ of habeas corpus in insurrection-declared
areas
Grant suspended the act in 9 SC counties that were
devastated by Klan attacks
A committee launched an investigation of the Klan’s
activities after the 3 laws were passed
Many were arrested during this time period
By 1872 the Klan was suppressed, but their acts still did
their job
The Freedmen’s Bureau died in 1869 and military force
reduced with time as well
The battle of reconstruction became the war for
implication of emancipation