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Family Ties
Unit Calendar
Date
Topic
Activity
Tuesday, October 23
Matter
Describing Matter Activity
Wednesday, October 24
Matter
Describing Matter Activity
Thursday, October 25
Changes in Matter
Changes in Matter Activity
Monday, October 29
Atoms
Atoms Family Album & Song
Tuesday, October 30
Atoms
Atomic Scientist Research
Wednesday, October 31
Atoms
Atomic Scientist Research & Presentations
Thursday, November 1
Atoms
Atoms Concept Map, Calculations, & The Atom Song
Friday, November 2
Matter & Atoms
Matter & Atoms Exam, Notebook Check
Monday, November 5
Periodic Table
Organizing the Elements
Wednesday, November 7
Periodic Table
Family Ties
Thursday, November 8
Periodic Table
Family Ties
Friday, November 9
Periodic Table
Family Ties & Meet the Elements Video, Notebook Check
Monday, November 12
Periodic Table
Alien Periodic Table
Tuesday, November 13
Periodic Table & Atoms
Atoms & Molecules Video
Wednesday, November 14
Properties of Matter
Properties of Matter Review
Thursday, November 15
Properties of Matter
Properties of Matter Review
Friday, November 16
Properties of Matter
Exam & Notebook Check
Monday, November 19
Crime Scene
Case of the Missing Computer Chip
Tuesday, November 20
Crime Scene
Case of the Missing Computer Chip
Tuesday, October 23
Essential Question(s):
How can I classify changes in matter?
Journal:
What are your goals for this unit?
Describing Matter
Matter is anything that has mass and takes up space. Chemistry is the study of the properties of matter and how
matter and how matter changes. In chemistry, a substance is a single kind of matter that is pure.
Every form of matter has two kinds of properties - physical and chemical properties. A physical property is observed
without changing a substance into another substance. Examples of physical properties are hardness, texture, color, and ability
to dissolve in water. A chemical property is the ability of a substance to change into different substances. Some chemical
properties are burning and rusting.
All matter is made up of elements. An element is a pure substance that cannot be broken down into any other
substances. Elements are the simplest substances. Each element is identified by its specific physical and chemical properties.
An atom is the basic particle that makes up an element. Atoms of most elements can combine with other atoms. A chemical
bond is the force that holds two atoms together. Atoms often combine to form molecules, which are larger particles made of
two or more atoms held together by chemical bonds.
When elements are chemically combined, they form compounds having properties that are different from those of the
uncombined elements. A compound is a pure substance made of two or more elements chemically combined in a set ratio. A
compound may be represented by a chemical formula. A chemical formula shows the elements in the compound and the ratio of
atoms. For example, the chemical formula for carbon dioxide is CO2. In carbon dioxide, there are always two oxygen atoms to
every one carbon atom.
Elements and compounds are pure substances, but most of the materials you see every day are not. Instead, they are
mixtures. A mixture is made of two or more substances that are together in the same place, but are not chemically combined.
Mixtures differ from compounds in two ways. Each substance in a mixture keeps its individual properties. Also, the parts of a
mixture are not combined in a set ratio.
A mixture can be heterogeneous or homogeneous. In a heterogenous mixture, you can see the different parts. The
substances in a homogeneous mixture are so evenly mixed that you cannot see the different parts. a solution is an example of a
homogeneous mixture. Unlike compounds, mixtures are easily separated into their components.
Questions:
1. Write definitions for the following terms: (a) matter, (b) substance, (c) physical property, (d) chemical property, (e)
element, (f) atom, (g) chemical bond, (h) molecule, (i) compound, (j) chemical formula, (k) mixture, (l) heterogenous
mixture, (m) homogeneous mixture, (n) solution
2. Complete the table
Property
Physical or Chemical?
Ability to burn
Color
Flexibility
Ability to tarnish
Ability to freeze
Ability to rust
3. What are two ways in which mixtures differ from compounds?
4. List at least two methods for separating mixtures and give an example of each.
5. Label each of the following as physical or chemical: (a) texture, (b) ability to react with other substances, (c) ability
to conduct heat, (d) hardness, (e) lack of ability to rust, (f) physical state
6. How are elements and compounds related?
Wednesday, October 24
Essential Question(s):
How can I classify changes in matter?
Journal:
Is the following sentence true or false? A substance that undergoes a physical change is different substance with
different properties after the change. Explain.
Thursday, October 25
Essential Question(s):
How can I classify changes in matter?
Journal:
When a piece of paper is torn into pieces, has it undergone a physical or chemical change? Explain.
Changes in Matter
Chemistry is the study of changes in matter. Matter can change in two ways. In a physical change, matter changes its
appearance but does not change into a different substance. A substance that undergoes a physical change is still the same
substance after the change. One example of a physical change is a change of state. Other kinds of physical changes are
dissolving, bending, crushing, and filtering.
The other way that matter can change is a chemical change. In a chemical change, matter changes into one or more new
substances. Unlike a physical change, a chemical change produces new substances with different properties from those of the
original substances. Combustion, or burning, is one chemical change. Other examples of chemical change are electrolysis,
oxidation, and tarnishing.
Although it may seem like matter disappears when it burns, that is not what is really happening. It has been proven that
mass is not lost or gained when matter changes. The law of conservation of mass states that matter is not created or
destroyed in any chemical or physical reaction.
Questions:
1. What is a physical change?
2. What is a chemical change?
3. How does a chemical change differ from a physical change?
4. The fact that matter is not created or destroyed in any change in matter is described by the _______________.
5. Complete the table:
Description
Physical Change
Occurs when energy is added or removed
A new substance is produced
A substance changes form, but it remains the same substance
Freezing water is an example
Rusting metal is an example
Monday, October 29
Essential Question(s):
What are the properties of atoms?
Journal:
Describe how something or someone can be neutral.
Chemical Change
Tuesday, October 30
Essential Question(s):
How did a variety of scientists contribute to the model of the atom?
Journal:
How can you show that a solution of salt water is a mixture and not a compound? How can a salt water solution be
separated?
Developing the Atomic Model Timeline
Each group will research a scientist that contributed to the atomic model and present the information to the class.
Each group will research one of the following scientist contributors:
● Max Planck*
● Albert Einstein
● Ernest Rutherford*
● Niels Bohr*
● James Chadwick and E. S. Bieler*
● Louis de Broglie
● Erwin Schrodinger*
● Werner Heisenberg
● Max Born
●
Information on each scientist needs to include:
When scientists contribution occurred (approximate year)
●
● Contribution to atomic structure
Draw a picture of the atomic model at that time
Wednesday, October 31
Essential Question(s):
How did a variety of scientists contribute to the model of the atom?
Journal:
The ancient Greek philosopher Aristotle argued against Democritus’ ideas about atoms. “If matter is composed of
indivisible particles,” he asked, “then what holds these particles together?” Can you suggest an answer to
Aristotle’s question?
Developing the Atomic Model Timeline
You need to create a timeline and fill in the information based on student presentations for each scientist.
Thursday, November 1
Essential Question(s):
What are the properties of atoms?
Journal:
What would you get if you broke an element into its smallest particles?
YouTube: The Atom Song by Mike Offut
Monday, November 5
Essential Question(s):
How is the periodic table organized?
Journal:
How are atoms related to molecules in a sample of a compound?
Organizing the Elements
In 1869, the Russian scientist Dmitri Mendeleev discovered a set of patterns in the properties of the elements. He
noticed that a pattern of properties appeared when he arranged the elements in order of increasing atomic mass. The atomic
mass of an element is the average mass of all of the isotopes of that element.
Mendeleev published the first periodic table. In the periodic table, the properties of the elements repeat in each
period, or row, of the table. Mendeleev left three blank spaces in the table. He predicted that these spaces would be filled by
elements that had not yet been discovered. He even predicted the properties of those elements. Those elements were soon
discovered and their properties are close to those predicted by Mendeleev.
The periodic table has been updated since Mendeleev’s time as scientists discovered new elements. After protons were
discovered, elements were rearranged by atomic number. Some elements changed positions and the patterns became more
regular.
The modern periodic table contains over 100 squares, one for each element. Each square includes the element’s atomic
number, chemical symbol, name, and atomic mass. The chemical symbol for an element usually consists of one or two letters,
such as Fe, the chemical symbol for iron.
The properties of an element can be predicted from its location in the periodic table. Each horizontal row of the table
is called a period. From left to right across a period, the properties of elements change in a predictable pattern. There are
seven periods of elements.
The elements in a column are called a group, or family. The groups are number 1 on the left to 18 on the right. The
family name of a group is typically the name of the first element in the column. Elements in each group have similar
characteristics.
Questions: (Remember complete sentences)
1. What did Dimitri Mendeleev discover in 1869?
2. What is the atomic mass of an element?
3. The modern periodic table is now arranged according to ___________________.
4. A one- or two-letter representation of an element is called a(n) ________________________.
5. How can an element's properties be predicted?
6. What do elements in the same column in the periodic table have in common?
Wednesday, November 7
Essential Question(s):
How is the periodic table organized?
Journal:
Why is it important to organize your notes or thoughts?
Family Ties - Quick Guide to the Periodic Table
The Periodic Table is a list of all known elements. It is organized by increasing atomic number. There are two main
groups on the periodic table: metals and nonmetals. The left side of the table contains elements with the greatest metallic
properties. As you move from left to right, the elements become less metallic with the far right side of the table containing
nonmetals. The elements in the middle of the table are called “transition” elements because they are changed from metallic
properties to nonmetallic properties. A small group whose members touch the zigzag line are called metalloids because they
have both metallic and nonmetallic properties.
The table is also arranged in vertical columns called “groups” or “families” and horizontal rows called “periods.” Each
arrangement is significant. The elements in each vertical column or group have similar properties. The elements in the first
period or row all have one shell. The elements in period 2 all have 2 shells and so on.
There are a number of major groups with similar properties. They are as follows:
Hydrogen: This element does not match the properties of any other group so it stands alone. It is placed above group 1 but it is
not part of that group. It is a very reactive, colorless, odorless gas at room temperature. (1 outer level electron)
Group 1: Alkali Metals - These metals are extremely reactive and are never found in nature in their pure form. They are silver
colored and shiny. Their density is extremely low so that they are soft enough to be cut with a knife. (1 outer level electron)
Group 2: Alkaline Earth Metals - Slightly less reactive than alkali metals. They are silver colored and more dense than alkali
metals. (2 outer level electrons)
Groups 3-12: Transition Metals - These metals have a moderate range of reactivity and a wide range of properties. In
general, they are shiny and good conductors of heat and electricity. They also have higher densities and melting points than
groups 1 & 2. (1 or 2 outer level electrons)
Lanthanides & Actinides: These are also transition metals that were taken out and placed at the bottom of the table so the
table wouldn’t be so wide. The elements in each of these two periods share many properties. The lanthanides are shiny and
reactive. The actinides are all radioactive and are therefore unstable. Elements 95 through 103 do not exist in nature and have
been manufactured in a lab.
Group 13: Boron Family/Group - Contains one metalloid and 4 metals. Reactive. Aluminum is in this group. It is also the most
abundant metal in the earth’s crust. (3 outer level electrons)
Group 14: Carbon Family/Group - Contains one nonmetal, two metalloids, and two metals. Varied reactivity. (4 outer level
electrons)
Group 15: Nitrogen Family/Group - Contains two nonmetals, two metalloids, and one metal. Varied reactivity. (5 outer level
electrons)
Group 16: Oxygen Family/Group - Contains three nonmetals, one metalloid, and one metal. Reactive group. (6 outer level
electrons)
Group 17: Halogens - All nonmetals. Very reactive. Poor conductors of heat and electricity. Tend to form salts with metals.
(Ex. NaCl: sodium chloride - also known as table salt) (7 outer level electrons)
Group 18: Noble Gases - Unreactive nonmetals. All are colorless, odorless gases at room temperature. All found in earth’s
atmosphere in small amounts. (8 outer level electrons)
Family Ties
Complete the sentences below in your notebook.
Word Bank
1.
2.
metal
family/group
alkali earth metals
noble gases
non-metal
period
actinides
lanthanides
metalloid
alkali metals
halogens
transition metals
The vertical columns on the periodic table are called ______________________.
The horizontal rows on the periodic table are called ______________________.
3.
4.
5.
6.
Most of the elements in the periodic table are classified as __________________.
The elements that touch the zigzag line are classified as ____________________.
The elements in the far upper right corner are classified as ___________________.
Elements in the first group have one outer shell electron and are extremely reactive. They are called
_______________ _____________.
7. Elements in the second group have 2 outer shell electrons and are also very reactive. They are called
_________________ ______________ ________________.
8. Elements in groups 3 through 12 have many useful properties and are called ______________ _______________.
9. Elements in group 17 are known as “salt formers.” They are called ___________________.
10. Elements in group 18 are very unreactive. They are said to be “inert.” We call these the _____________
____________.
11. The elements at the bottom of the table were pulled out to keep the table from becoming too long. The first period at
the bottom is called the ______________________.
12. The second period at the bottom of the table is called the ____________________.
Thursday, November 8
Essential Question(s):
How is the periodic table organized?
Journal:
What does the term periodic mean?
Family Ties - Color Coding the Periodic Table
This worksheet will help you understand how the periodic table is arranged. On the periodic table (which you need to keep in
your notebook, use colored pencils to color each group on the table as follows:
1.
Color the square for Hydrogen pink.
2. Lightly color all metals yellow.
3. Place black dots in the squares of all alkali metals.
4. Draw a horizontal line across each box in the group of alkaline earth metals.
5. Draw a diagonal line across each box of all transition metals.
6. Color the metalloids purple.
7. Color the nonmetals orange.
8. Draw small brown circles in each box of the halogens.
9. Draw checkerboard lines through all the boxes of the noble gases.
10. Using a black color, trace the zigzag line that separates the metals from the nonmetals.
11. Color all the lanthanides red.
12. Color all the actinides green.
13. When you are finished, make a key that identifies each group.
Friday, November 9
Essential Question(s):
How is the periodic table organized?
Journal:
What is the importance of groups in the periodic table?
Finish Family Ties
YouTube - They Might Be Giants: Meet the Elements
Monday, November 12
Essential Question(s):
How is the periodic table organized?
Journal:
What is the importance of periods in the periodic table?
Alien Periodic Table Challenge
Earth’s scientists have announced that they have finally made radio contact with intelligent life on a distant planet
dubbed 2-4-D. One of this alien planet’s languages is being translated, and scientific information has begun to be exchanged!
Planet 2-4-D seems to be composed of many of the same elements as Earth (and all planets…). However, the scientists from
planet 2-4-D have different names and symbols for them. The alien scientists do not know our names for the elements, or how
to classify them, but they have radioed data on the known properties of their elements.
As a scientist who has been studying about chemistry, you have been asked to help sort out what is known about the
alien elements and to arrange them onto a blank periodic table. Once this table is organized, scientists on both planets will
understand each other better and will be able to work to share scientific information and make new discoveries.
YOUR TASK:
Use your knowledge of the Earth’s periodic table to help arrange the alien elements onto a blank periodic table. Be sure to
complete 1-4 below….Good Luck!!!
1. Each alien element symbol should be located in the same position that Earth’s corresponding element symbol would be located.
(NOTE: The symbol is given in parentheses after the element’s name.)
2. Label the blank periodic table with each element’s name and symbol. List the evidence you used to justify placement of each
element.
3. Label the names of groups 1, 17, & 18.
4. Color-code each of the family groups for the alien periodic table and include a key.
ALIEN ELEMENT DATA STATEMENTS (13 total)
1. Strangely but luckily, there are no “transition metals” or “rare earth elements” on the alien planet 2-4-D. Add the correct
Roman numerals to the group numbers.
2. The “noble gases” are Bombal (Bo), Wobble (Wo), Jeptum (J) and Logon (L).
- Bombal (Bo) is a noble gas but does not have 8 outer electrons.
- The outside energy level of Logon (L) is its second energy level.
- Of these inert gases, Wobble (Wo) has the greatest atomic mass.
3. The “alkali metals” are Xtalt (X), Byyou (By), Chow (Ch), and Quackzil (Q).
- Of these alkali metals, Chow (Ch) has the lowest atomic mass.
- Quackzil (Q) is in the same period as Wobble (Wo).
4. The “halogens” are Apstrom (A), Vulcania (V), and Kratt (Kt).
- Vulcania (V) is in the same period as Quackzil (Q) and Wobble (Wo).
5. The element called Doggone (D) has only 4 protons in its nucleus.
6. The “metalloids” are Ernst (E), Highho (Hi), Terriblum (T), and Sississ (Ss).
- Sississ (Ss) is the metalloid with the highest atomic mass.
- Ernst (E) is the metalloid with the lowest atomic mass.
- Highho (Hi) and Terriblum (T) are in Group 14.
- T has more protons than Hi.
- The element called Yazzer (Yz) is a metalloid by location but has properties
that suggest it is more like a light metal.
7. The most metallic element on the planet is called Xtalt (X). One of the most chemically active nonmetals on the planet
is called Apstrom (A).
8. The lightest element on the planet is called Pfsst (Pf).
-The heaviest element on the planet is Elrado (El), and is highly radioactive.
9. The chemical makeup of the alien planet’s oceans seems to be about the same as Earth’s oceans. (NOTE: Earthly salt is the
compound NaCl)
- When sea water is distilled, the liquid that is boiled off and then condensed has been shown to have molecules
consisting of two atoms of Pfsst (Pf) and one atom of Nuutye (Nu).
- The solid left behind after the distillation consists mainly of a crystal made up of the elements Byyou (By) and Kratt
(Kt).
10. Floxxit (Fx) is a black crystal and has 4 electrons in its outermost energy level.
- Both Rhaatrap (R) and Doadeer (Do) have atoms with 4 energy levels.
- But Rhaatrap is less metallic than Doadeer.
11. Magnificon (M), Goldy (G) and Sississ (Ss) are all members of Group 15.
- Goldy has fewer total electrons than Magnificon.
12. Urrp (Up), Oz (Oz) and Nuutye (Nu) all gain 2 electrons.
- Oz has a lower atomic number than Urrp.
13. The element Anatom (An) tends to lose 3 electrons.
- The elements Zapper (Z) and Pie (Pi) both lose 2 electrons.
- Pie loses them from its fifth energy level, while Zapper loses them from its third.
Tuesday, November 13
Essential Question(s):
What are the properties of atoms and molecules?
Journal:
Set-up notebook for video quiz.
Video - Elements of Physics: Matter Atoms & Molecules
Wednesday, November 14 - Friday, November 16
Essential Question(s):
What are the properties of matter?
Properties of Matter Review will be provided.
Properties of Matter Exam 11/16
Monday, November 19 & Tuesday, November 20
Essential Question(s):
How can I use analysis to solve a crime scene?
THE CASE OF THE MISSING COMPUTER CHIP
(IT'S PLUM CRAZY TO STEAL FROM US)
INTRODUCTION
It's the morning of July 5 in the northern California city of Cupertino. You are working the burglary watch, day
shift. As commander of the electronic theft division you have a team of experts, skilled in the collection of all
types of evidence relating to theft of computers and electronic stuff. At 9:50 a.m. you get a call that someone has
attempted to steal an advanced chip from the Plum Computer Company. You and your team respond immediately
to the call. When you arrive, you find that the plant is sealed off and all the uniformed employees in the plant have
been confined to a single room, the lounge. Within the hour, the missing chip is found in an envelope in a pile of
mail. The envelope was addressed to Gordon Lidy, the security chief of a rival computer firm. A cassette tape was
also found in the envelope.
You assign one of your best officers, JoAnn Lane, to interview everyone present. Here is what she finds:
A. Steve Randak, the president, arrived at 8:50 this a.m. to find the tone-operated security door to his private lab
open and the prototype of his new computer chip missing. He immediately pushed the panic button that alerts
security to close the gates. The guard at the gate reported that no person had left the plant since 8:00 a.m. today.
B. A map of the crime scene
C. Jo Ann begins accumulating clues, and as she does, tries to develop a hypothesis for how it was done, and
who did it. She keeps her clues in an envelope.
INSTRUCTIONS for each team:
1. Read the Introduction (above)
2. Study the map of the crime scene (next page - below)
3. After reading the above introduction and studying the map of the crime scene, your team should draw 5 (five)
clues at random from the envelope.
4. Using the information at hand, try to solve the crime. You can organize the evidence in various ways, until
your team develops a tentative hypothesis. Do not discourage minority opinions. Commit yourselves by writing
down this hypothesis.
5. Once you have exhausted all your ideas with these clues, more evidence can be uncovered. Your team may
now draw 3 (three) more clues from the envelope, at random. Repeat step 4.
6. After a few minutes, get together with another team or two...collaborate...compare clues, compare notes,
compare ideas. See if you can reach a better hypothesis collaboratively.
7. Draw the last 3 clues, and continue as before until there is some general agreement, always allowing for
minority opinions. Record your final team consensus...your hypothesis for what happened, and who was
probably responsible. Be able to defend your hypothesis.
8. When all teams have pretty well arrived at some "final" hypothesis, you will be asked by your teacher to
participate in a class-wide discussion in which you can share hypotheses and the rationales for arriving at those
hypotheses. You will be asked to critique each other's hypotheses and reasoning. Hopefully, you may be able to
arrive at a class-wide general consensus.
9. In any case, you will also be asked to analyze your activities in trying to solve this crime. What elements were
at work which are also found in the process of SCIENCE?