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NOTE-TAKING GUIDE: Of the People: A History of the United States CHAPTER 19 “Industry and Empire: 1890–1900”
COMMON THREADS
 How did industrial ideals of efficiency and organization change the
practice of democracy in America during the early 1900s?
 Did the choices Americans made about how to run their economy set the
United States on a course for overseas conflict?
 What did it mean to be modern? How did the pace of technological
change affect Americans’ outlook?
OUTLINE
American Portrait: J. P. Morgan
The Crisis of the 1890s
Hard Times
The Overseas Frontier
The Drive for Efficiency
Progress and Force
Corporate Consolidation
A Modern Economy
Currency and the Tariff
The Cross of Gold
The Battle of the Standards
The Retreat from Politics
The Lure of the Cities
Inventing Jim Crow
American Landscape: Galveston, Texas, 1900
The Atlanta Compromise
Disfranchisement and the Decline of Popular Politics
Struggles for Democracy: The Wilmington Race Riot
Organized Labor Retreats from Politics
American Diplomacy Enters the Modern World
Sea Power and the Imperial Urge
The Scramble for Empire
War with Spain
The Anti-Imperialists
The Philippine-American War
The Open Door
Conclusion
WHO?
WHAT?
William Jennings Bryan
Crop liens
Samuel Gompers
Gold standard
William Randolph Hearst
Jim Crow laws
Booker T. Washington
Open Door
Separate but equal
Taylorism
REVIEW QUESTIONS
1. What new techniques and practices made US industries more efficient?
2. What motivated Americans to seek an empire?
3. Why did the weather bureau discount the hurricane threat to Galveston?
4. Which cities were the main centers of industry and culture in the 1890s?
5. How did the concept of individual rights evolve in reaction to new
economic conditions? Name key figures who articulated a concept of
democratic rights, and describe their ideas.
6. Contrast the arguments for empire with the rhetoric of the antiimperialists.
7. Which dangers to the nation and democracy did each side stress?
8. Why was the issue of currency so important to Americans in 1896? What
was at stake?
NOTES: TO FOLLOW UP / QUESTIONS TO ASK IN CLASS