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Military history of African Americans in the American Civil War wikipedia , lookup
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Reconstruction 1. Lincoln’s plan All Southerners except high officers and officials pardoned after taking an oath of allegiance. When 10% of voters took oath state was to be readmitted 2. Congressional Recon Republican led congress refused to recognize southern delegates condemned the Lincoln-Johnson plan. Argued only congress had right to allow a state into the union. South needed to be severely punished Democrats in South were not allowing blacks to vote (and hence denying Republicans an obvious power block). 3. Black Codes Southern states immediately created black codes that denied blacks the right to bear arms, serve on juries, hold public office etc. In many cases unemployed blacks could be sentenced to work as “apprentices” for white masters (i.e. slaves) 4. Freedmen’s Bureau 5. First Reconstruction Act (1867) 6. Black Amendments 7. Impeachment of Andrew Johnson 8. federal v. state, 9. Disputed election 1876 10.Restoration of white control in the South Provide newly freed blacks with food, clothing, and schooling. Protected their civil rights. Made illegal all the Southern Governments and put the entire south under martial law (military control) In order to re-join the Union had to Hold an election for a constitutional convention and write a constitution guaranteeing black’s rights. Ratify the 14th Amendment. 13: Frees Slaves 14: Equal Protection Under the Law (makes illegal black codes) 15: Guarantees Right to vote. Tenure of Office Act 1867: Forbade the Pres from discharging important gov officials w/out consent of congress. Johnson immediately challenged the law by dismissing a Lincoln appointee, the Secretary of War Edwin Stanton. House impeached Johnson (on grounds of high crimes and misdemeanors). Senate missed finding him guilty by one vote. Civil War and Reconstruction prove supremacy of federal govm’t over the state. Democratic candidate (Tilden) v. Republican Candidate Rutherford B. Hayes (Ohio). Dispute over votes from Florida (Oregon, etc.). A commission made up of 8 Rep. and 7 Dem. were to assign the votes. Hayes named presidents (duh)To calm the Dem. Hayes promises More funds to rebuild S. Remove all troops from the S. Ku Klux Klan: this (and other) secret societies formed to use violence and fear to drive out northerners and deny blacks their rights. Increased # of white voters: Confederates regained rights North began to lose interest: N. businesspeople wanted stability. Reformers were moving on to other issues.