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Chapter 17 “The Tide of War Turns, 1863-1865”
Section 3 “The North Wins”
Main Idea: Thanks to victories, beginning with Gettysburg and ending with
Richmond, the Union survived.
Terms and Names: (fill in from notes or book)
1. Battle of Gettysburg—Union victory that put the North ahead in the
war
2. Pickett’s Charge—Confederate attack on Union lines at Gettysburg
3. Ulysses S. Grant—Commanding General of the Confederate army
4. Robert E. Lee—Commanding General of the Union army
5. Siege of Vicksburg—Union victory that gave the North control of the
Mississippi River
6. William Tecumseh Sherman—Union General who destroyed the
South
7. Appomattox Court House—location of South’s surrender
I.
Why was the Battle of Gettysburg significant?
A.
In September, 1862, Union forces turned back Southern troops at the
bloody Battle of Antietam. Confederate leaders still hoped, however, to
win a victory in the North.
B.
In June, 1863, Confederate forces crossed into southern PA, meeting
Union troops near the town of Gettysburg.
C.
The Battle of Gettysburg raged for three days.
1.
An important moment came when General George Pickett
attacked the middle of the Union line. It proved to be a costly
mistake.
D.
2.
Pickett’s Charge, as it was called, had been ordered by
General Robert E. Lee, and it was torn to pieces by Union
troops.
3.
The Confederates retreated, and Union forces, under General
George Meade, failed to pursue them and finish them off.
Even so, the Union victory at Gettysburg was a turning point of
the war.
1.
Lee’s hopes for a Confederate victory in the North were gone.
2.
Southern forces would never again fight in the North.
II.
Why was victory at Vicksburg important?
A.
The day after Pickett’s Charge, Union General Ulysses S. Grant
defeated Rebel troops at the Siege of Vicksburg.
B.
1.
Vicksburg was the last Confederate stronghold on the Mississippi
River.
2.
Grant’s victory on July 4, 1863 meant the Union now had
complete control of the river, a major part of the Anaconda Plan.
Along with the victory at Gettysburg, the tide of war now
turned in favor of the North.
III. What is total war?
A.
Unlike other Union generals, Ulysses Grant was willing to follow and
fight General Lee. This impressed President Lincoln. In March, 1864,
Lincoln made Grant commander of all the Union armies.
1.
Grant quickly made a plan to defeat the Confederacy. He would
pursue Lee’s Army in Virginia.
2.
Meanwhile, Union forces under General William Tecumseh
Sherman would push through the Deep South to Atlanta and on
to the Atlantic Coast.
3.
As he marched through the South, Sherman waged total war,
tearing up rail lines, destroying crops, and burning towns.
4.
With Sherman’s successes, Northerners suddenly could sense
victory. This optimism helped Lincoln to win reelection.
IV.
Where did Lee surrender?
A.
After marching through Georgia, Sherman moved north through the
Carolinas. His plan was to link up with Grant’s troops in Virginia.
B.
Grant’s goal was to keep fighting toward Richmond and capture the
capital of the Confederacy.
C.
The Union army marched into Richmond on April 3, 1865.
D.
On April 9, 1865, Lee and Grant met at Appomattox Court House in
Virginia. There, the two men arranged a surrender.
E.
1.
Grant offered generous terms. He took the weapons from the
Confederates.
2.
However, he let them keep their horses as long as they promised
to go home.
After four long years the Civil War was over.