Download 11 Mutations Vocabulary

Mutations Vocabulary
1. mutation—a change in the DNA code
2. gene mutation—affects the smallest amount of DNA
3. point mutation (or substitution)—gene mutation in which a change in a single base;
affects only one codon
4. frameshift insertion—gene mutation in which one or more bases are added
5. frameshift deletion— gene mutation in which one or more bases are deleted
6. chromosomal mutation—piece of a chromosome breaks off and can reattach
7. chromosomal insertion/duplication—chromosomal mutation in which part of a chromatid
is attached to its sister chromatid causing a duplication of genes
8. chromosomal deletion—chromosomal mutation in which part of a chromosome is lost
9. chromosomal inversion—chromosomal mutation in which part is inverted (or
backwards); may affect only a short sequence of code
10. chromosomal translocation—chromosomal mutation in which part is translocated
(moved) to a different chromosome
11. nondisjunction—failure of homologous chromosomes to separate properly during cell
division
12. karyotype—a chart of chromosome pairs used to diagnose certain genetic disorders
13. monosomy—nondisjunction in which only ONE chromosome of a pair is inherited
14. trisomy—nondisjunction in which THREE chromosomes are inherited instead of two
15. triploidy—nondisjunction in which an EXTRA SET of chromosomes is inherited
16. pedigree—chart used to analyze the inheritance of a certain trait in a family
17. autosomal—a trait that is NOT sex-linked
18. autosomes—body chromosomes