Download Architecture in World History

Architecture in World History
Global History and Geography I
Name: _______________________
E. Napp
Date: _______________________
Architecture is the art or practice of designing and building structures. It is the art
or science of building. A society’s architecture reflects its cultural values. In this
lesson, students will examine various architectural structures from around the
world and explain the cultural values that are reflected in the buildings.
The Buddhist Stupa
A stupa is a dome-shaped shrine or holy structure built
by Buddhists. A relic is kept in a shrine. A relic could be
part of the Buddha’s tooth or the bone of a great
Buddhist master or a container used by a great master.
The stupa serves as a sacred or holy center for followers.
A stupa is a spiritual monument. The relics or objects
remind followers that though the teacher passes, his
mind is forever unchanging.
List three facts about stupas:
1. _______________________________________________________________
2. _______________________________________________________________
3. _______________________________________________________________
4.
A Pagoda
In this space next to the pagoda, list three facts about a pagoda. Use the
information below the pagoda for information:
List three facts about pagodas:
1. ___________________________________
___________________________________
2. ___________________________________
___________________________________
3. ___________________________________
___________________________________
With the arrival of Buddhism in China and Japan, an architectural change
occurs. The stupa becomes a tall and slender wooden tower or a pagoda. It, too,
has holy relics or objects of great Buddhist masters.
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The Greek column:
The Doric style is a plain column.
The Ionic column has the scroll shape at the top.
The Corinthian column is the most elaborate.
Can you name this famous building?
________________________________
This famous building uses the Doric style for its famous columns. It was dedicated
to the Goddess, Athena. All Greek temples were built to be viewed from the outside.
List two famous buildings in the United States that incorporate columns in
architectural designs:
1. ________________________________________
2. ________________________________________
The Cathedral:
During the Medieval period in Western Europe,
many cathedrals were built. Cathedrals were
important and generally large churches. Usually, a
bishop presided in a cathedral. Since the Roman
Catholic faith was very important in the Middle
Ages, the Cathedral signified the importance of
heaven. Its majesty reflected the majesty of heaven
and of the faith.
List three facts about Cathedrals:
1. ________________________________________________________________
2. ________________________________________________________________
3. ________________________________________________________________
The Mosque:
A mosque is a Muslim house of worship. The word
“mosque” is related to the word for “prostration”
since Muslims must pray five times a day. A mosque
is surrounded by minarets. A minaret is a tower.
The muezzin calls the faithful for prayer from the
top of the minaret. Minarets are towers pointing to
heaven.
List three facts about mosques:
1:
_____________________________________________
2:
_____________________________________________
3: _____________________________________________
The Egyptian Pyramids:
The Egyptians built pyramids as tombs for deceased
pharaohs. Believing in an afterlife, the Egyptians
protected the bodies of deceased pharaohs. Pyramids
had many secret passages. The pharaoh was usually
buried near the bottom or even underground. Other
rooms contained furniture or jewelry to ensure that
the pharaoh enjoyed the afterlife.
List three facts about Egyptian pyramids:
1:
_____________________________________________
2: _____________________________________________________________________
3: _____________________________________________________________________
The Hindu Temple:
The Hindu temple is the focus of all aspects of life
in the Hindu community. The temple is the place
where divine knowledge can be discovered. The
temple focuses on liberation or ending the cycle
of birth and rebirth. The temple dissolves the
boundaries between man and the divine. Every
aspect of the temple is designed to encourage the
Hindu to focus on the spiritual realm as opposed
to the material realm.
List three facts about Hindu temples:
1: ____________________________________________
2: _____________________________________________________________________
3: _____________________________________________________________________
The Great Wall of China:
The Great Wall of China was built to keep
China’s horse-riding neighbors out! Many
Chinese dynasties contributed to the building of
the wall. Many Chinese died building the wall
due to the harsh working conditions. The wall is
located in northern China in an attempt to keep
nomadic invaders out of China. The height of the
wall averages about 25 feet tall. The wall
stretches over three thousand miles.
List three facts about the Great Wall of
China:
1: ____________________________________________________________________
2: ____________________________________________________________________
3: ____________________________________________________________________
Even the Regents Examines World Architecture:
These architectural achievements best indicate that
(1) advanced technology existed in early civilizations
(2) religion was of little importance
(3) entertainment was important to these ancient societies
(4) trade routes existed between China and the Americas
In most societies, works of art and architecture generally serve to
1.
2.
3.
4.
satisfy the needs of the leaders
limit the influence of religion
reflect the values of that society
express opposition to the government in power
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Word Bank:
Architecture, Stupa, Pagoda, Mosque, Cathedral, Roads, Great Wall,
Pyramids, Columns
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